96 points canjobear 2 hours ago 80 comments
silverFork 2 hours ago | parent
christophilus 2 hours ago | parent
silverFork 2 hours ago | parent
adrianmonk 40 minutes ago | parent
Basically, there are often different ways of putting a particular idea into words. Sometimes the longer way might be clearer, and the shorter way might be more confusing. If you care about being understood, sometimes you will use the wordy option. This is what humans usually do.
However, LLMs have context windows. All else being equal, verbosity eats up more context. If the LLM is trained (with reinforcement learning) to reason most effectively, it can do that by using terse phrasing. Especially on certain tasks that really need a large context window. Why? Because being terse is like getting a larger context window for free.
But in another sense, it's not really free. You're trading off clarity for context window. Sometimes you have to choose between verbose+clear and terse+unclear. If you're biased toward terse, that will also shift you toward unclear.
I do agree that LLMs are verbose sometimes, though. I think they are also trained to please the user, and they see sharing extra knowledge and insights as a way to do that. I don't think this idea is in conflict with what the paper says. If an LLM's training rewards both spitting out neat bonus info and doing reasoning that requires making the most of its limited context window, then that LLM may generate a large quantity of text which is written in a slightly terse and confusing style.
dumberquestions 1 hour ago | parent
silverFork 45 minutes ago | parent
Waterluvian 1 hour ago | parent
paid_dot_expert 1 hour ago | parent
trusche 1 hour ago | parent
I regularly prompt it now to "summarize again without the jargon". That helps, for now, to bring it back to using plain language. Together with my basic prompt to reply using ASD-STE100 Simplified Technical English (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Technical_English)
ButlerianJihad 1 hour ago | parent
So I tried it out, and it really sometimes works, and I've overcome some real obstacles that Tech Support was unable to assist me with. However, Gemini can also become "too big for its britches" and begin explaining glitches from a systems-programming perspective, as if it has deep knowledge of the Android codebase, and deep engineer's knowledge of the Pixel system hardware. And it will spit out absolute nonsense.
I have retorted to it a few times, "that sounds more like Star Trek than a sound appraisal of the subsystem" and then Gemini smirks and says "You're right to call me out on that!" and blithely continues on its way.
So yeah. Sometimes the LLM confabulations are deeply cloaked in highly technical jargon that could not even be questioned, unless you already know it's absolute bullshit. And then the LLM freely admits it! LLMs have no shame, that's for damn sure.
skeledrew 1 hour ago | parent
lelanthran 1 hour ago | parent
As far as I can tell, it's only fluent readers who have trouble.
ben_w 1 hour ago | parent
inanimate subjects with animate verbs
process waits for input, a method threw an exception, server accepts the request, more stacked nouns
Ahem: `SimpleBeanFactoryAwareAspectInstanceFactory` long syntactic dependencies
German has longer syntactic dependencies than English because readers (and listeners) often must *under* several intervening clauses of the sentences read before they can *stand* the split-apart word or what the author was saying.antonvs 1 hour ago | parent
That makes sense, because fluent readers are using more System 1 processing to read - they’re not thinking about it for the most part, they’re just pattern matching instinctively based on text they’ve been exposed to previously (“trained on”). AI writing breaks those patterns so compromises their fluency.
Whereas a second language reader or poor reader is exerting more conscious attention to understand the text, so it doesn’t matter as much if it doesn’t conform to standard patterns.
skeledrew 56 minutes ago | parent
Vaushite 1 hour ago | parent
This is likely relative to my existing knowledge. Humans are also LLMs, and a human without prior training will be able to transfer-learn slop from a computer LLM, but a human with prior training may find the attempt at transfer-learning conflicts with what they have already learned, and reject it.
In less ML terms I think a human who reads slop and has no existing knowledge of the subject will just learn the slop by rote and confuse it for actual knowledge.
skeledrew 46 minutes ago | parent
Dunno about any test, but I get the meaning behind the words in a way that I can take appropriate action (as someone using LLMs heavily for dev and always following the transcript so I can properly steer them). And often I see people here screaming "AI text" or similar regarding some linked article, and having read it I found that I just bypassed all the "tells" without realizing, because they didn't affect my absorption of the meaning of the article. Makes me think people are consciously looking for those tells so they can scream and shake their pitchforks.
codeulike 1 hour ago | parent
rustyhancock 1 hour ago | parent
I.e. a high frequency 3-gram is "by the way".
A low frequency 3-gram is "elephants speak french".
AnimalMuppet 57 minutes ago | parent
ethanj8011 1 hour ago | parent
antonvs 1 hour ago | parent
They’re difficult for humans because if a sequence of words hasn’t previously been seen, you have to expend more effort to make sense of it.
Something like “customer onboarding workflow automation" might qualify - it makes sense, but it’s not a commonly used phrase. AIs use a lot of these jargony sequences.
sligbad 1 hour ago | parent
noosphr 1 hour ago | parent
If we had talking centipedes the results would probably be similar, but for different reasons.
rustyhancock 1 hour ago | parent
Which gives a relative incentive to hard to understand text.
ahartmetz 1 hour ago | parent
noosphr 1 hour ago | parent
LLMs text generation is much closer to the way humans speak than to the way good writers write.
ahartmetz 30 minutes ago | parent
jonnyysmith 1 hour ago | parent
ethanj8011 1 hour ago | parent
drivebyhooting 1 hour ago | parent
But I also wonder why AI loves to add slogans, catch phrases, and witty sentence fragments. It’s grating and a dead giveaway of slop.
tpmoney 1 hour ago | parent
cmrdporcupine 1 hour ago | parent
The best approach is just to write the outline and initial text in a very messy fashion yourself. And then have it clean it up and add detail. And then edit again by hand.
budro 7 minutes ago | parent
I'm to the point where I don't trust it to do any writing. It's only allowed to tell me what it thinks I missed. Because inevitably when I ask it to edit my prose, it destroys the text and I basically need to rewrite it all again.
amelius 1 hour ago | parent
Or reading patents.
Terrible ... like someone put in effort to make it unreadable.
JackFr 1 hour ago | parent
AI language, it seems, is optimized to support reasoning from the interior monologue.
ben_w 1 hour ago | parent
ionetan 1 hour ago | parent
amelius 1 hour ago | parent
ionetan 1 hour ago | parent
johannes1234321 1 hour ago | parent
With humans language, sometimes "wrong" is in fact "right."
ionetan 1 hour ago | parent
ChrisLTD 1 hour ago | parent
phito 1 hour ago | parent
mplappert 1 hour ago | parent
But yes, in my experience the code is often quite bad in other, harder-to-quantify directions: readability, maintainability, simplicity.
nvme0n1p1 1 hour ago | parent
If we had a way to write a test suite for English that could reliably answer "is this sentence useful to my target audience" or "does this paragraph make any goddamn sense", you might be able to run some sort of agentic loop to approach good writing, but so far we don't.
tdrz 1 hour ago | parent
I've been struggling with this because I do believe maintainability of code is important. But the way it is going, if AI is writing all the code and no human needs to read it anymore, does it really need to be maintainable? Does it matter if it looks like alien code since we can throw it away when using the next AI model? I have no answers of my own to these questions...
cgh 1 hour ago | parent
anigbrowl 1 hour ago | parent
SonOfKyuss 1 hour ago | parent
pessimizer 9 minutes ago | parent
The neat thing about LLMs is that in a way they proved that only the truth turns out to be grammatical (statistically), largely because there are so many more ways to be wrong than right that the mode is almost always right.
But people also lie and bullshit in consistent ways, with the intention of fooling people with well-known empty arguments. Part of being a "good writer" is to make the meaningless sound meaningful - and the techniques are ancient.
Train on a bunch of people trying to push their framework and get rich, whether in online garbage, literary garbage, or in ostensibly serious nonfiction or scientific works, and you'll end up with modal language that is trying to play deceptive games with reasoning, but has nothing in particular it's trying to convince you of (no motives.)
People would either fall for that language (if they weren't thinking much and the context was one that comforted them), or they would methodically try to put that language into a model (let's say a series of syllogisms for an argument about what to do or what to believe, but it could be any model), and see that it failed. And speaking again of the context, the context of humans interacting with human content implies motives that help the listener focus on particular parts of their model to look for rhetorical tricks. The LLM, again having no motive, just does this in random places.
The latest advances in AI have been in the tooling around AI, which I think largely reduces to recursively creating models and populating them in outputs short enough that hopefully the text generation won't go off the rails.
Symbolic AI is coming back, it's just that the mortar is random word association.
Call me crazy, but I think Georges Bataille saw all of this. In my interpretation, he simultaneously thought of random associations as the most important component of reason and also completely irrelevant in the reality of the world. The only way you could discover the structure of things is through random collisions; your view of the universe was entirely constructed by your prejudices, lusts, and fears; but whether that view was wrong or right was based on how it worked and the particular content of the id-garbage that got you there was ultimately irrelevant. The fabric of the world is completely id-less, but can only be digested by id-driven beings. LLMs (without the tooling around them) are all id.
amelius 1 hour ago | parent
Yes, this is a problem.
AI-generated text is used internally by the AI to instruct agents, etc. And for feedback loops in reasoning. If you optimize for the result only, the AI will increasingly speak "AI", not human.
AnimalMuppet 1 hour ago | parent
I mean, maybe that's all right for when it's producing code - code is not beautifully flowing prose in the first place.
amelius 57 minutes ago | parent
Code is not prose, yes, but as others pointed out, it is certainly nice if code is maintainable by humans.
dividefuel 1 hour ago | parent
My guess is years of RLHF optimized for rater's first impressions of how well-written something was. It uses lists! It has headings! It uses fun phrases like 'smoking gun'! It's long and informative! These things are relatively fast and easy to identify and select as a preference.
But none of this really covers whether the response is _useful for the audience_. If you're not the audience, it can be hard to tell what is and isn't useful.
ttoze 1 hour ago | parent
Taek 1 hour ago | parent
And pretty much universally, they were awful. It was like somebody had blindly taken an English writing textbook and applied every little helper rule to every clause of every sentence, paying no attention whatsoever to deeper concepts like pacing, drawing attention to key words, and moderating emotion.
And I think that's basically what's going on in all of the frontier models as well. When they are being fine tuned, some reward score is telling them to be concise, not to use filler words, to avoid run-on sentences, etc. And there's no counter-balance in the fine-tuning that looks at the writing and flow as a whole.
Taek 1 hour ago | parent
"Google shipped their" -> "Google shipped its" (I use 'their' to make it clear I'm talking about the people who build features at Google, and not merely about a faceless corporation)
"feature or whatever" -> "feature" ('or whatever' is chosen to tell everyone that I'm not actually sure what the name of the feature is, and I can't really be bothered to figure it out)
"gmail" -> "Gmail" (meh)
"I wrote, it had useful tips" -> "I wrote received useful tips" (if you remove the comma, the pacing changes, the reader doesn't linger on the word 'wrote', and you invite some ambiguity around the writing and the receiving of useful tips. I feel like this suggestion is particularly brain damaged, I simply can't understand my own writing when I make this change)
(and so on. I now write emails in notepad, and copy-paste them into Gmail when I'm done, that's how much the suggestions annoy me).
silverFork 33 minutes ago | parent
Tanoc 32 minutes ago | parent
ChatGPT, Gemini, and whatever else do not in fact have the capability to understand that interaction between organization and translation. They process the information linearly, organize it linearly, and translate it linearly. That's what makes it so strange to read. A must lead to B which must lead to C. A cannot connect to C and then circle back to B which is connected to both A and C obliquely. It's a failure in understanding language and how it is used.
onlyrealcuzzo 1 hour ago | parent
At least in the case of ChatGPT - it was (and mostly still is) objectively optimized for engagement. Since ChatGPT was leading the way, and much distilling has occurred, there are at least partial remnants of that problem everywhere.
The Chinese models may or may not really care about this at all, but they're doing a lot of distilling, so they're getting it whether they want it or not.
The American models for the most part care about engagement - some a lot more than others.
lifeisloving 1 hour ago | parent
Maybe we'll get assistant models that will get optimized for human readable prose, but I think the labs have deluded themselves when it comes to utility/coding models and think the humam isn't going to be a variable soon.
I have a jira-esque ticketing system for agents/subagents and the tickets are basically unreadable to me. I hate it. But if I force them to write the tickets in a prose I prefer their preformance degrades. Its almost like this gibberish hard to read prose is designed for llms to communicate betweem themselves probably because the llms are doing most of the RLHF (RLAIF??) for training now.
conception 1 hour ago | parent
lubujackson 1 hour ago | parent
Things that are easy for humans, like remembering a character is holding a gun during a conversation, gets forgotten, because there is no clear architectural/spacial understanding of how the words are describing an underlying reality. And if the LLM gets this right it might instead forget which character has a Southern drawl, or make an illogical metaphor.
This is all more clear with programming, but the problem is the same - a lack of interwoven semantic understanding and friction between the real world and the self-contained world of the LLM's context.
trescenzi 42 minutes ago | parent
burnte 21 minutes ago | parent
binsquare 1 hour ago | parent
So there's the usual structure of "it's not x it's actually y" signs.
jannyfer 1 hour ago | parent
I think the difficulty in comprehension was mostly an Anthropic problem… partly because Anthropic employees stopped reading Opus output around the time Fable came out and stopped noticing RLVR going off the rails with compression.
The paper was a good read, in any case. Maybe I gotta start sending this article back to LLMs when they start compressing text too much :)
bassie123 59 minutes ago | parent
(e.g., "baseline system state transition latency validation") instead of unpacking them with prepositions ("validating the latency of state transitions in the baseline system").
For me, I can't read books at all, because I forget what was said two paragraphs before. I bet people that are good at skimming text have less problems with AI generated text.
Lucasoato 50 minutes ago | parent
Is it? I mean they get payed more if they return longer answers.
lukev 55 minutes ago | parent
LLM-generated text is hard to understand because while it's perfectly good language that follows valid cognitive and informational patterns, it does not reflect the intent or mental model of another mind.
D-Machine 11 minutes ago | parent
This is entirely speculative and highly disputed, even if you are doing the more sophisticated thing here and by Language you mean something like mentalese.
Much cognition is embodied and makes use of visual, tactile, auditory, kinaesthetic, and other sense modality representations. "Thought is mostly a Language" has been a wordcel kind of argument with little empirical or philosophical support for a couple of decades now, IMO. Language is how we communicate thought, not primarily how we think.
Not that this refutes your main point: LLMs are trained almost entirely on (written) language, and since this actually has little to do with real cognition, this makes them so annoying and alien to read.
xnickb 28 minutes ago | parent
tikimcfee 28 minutes ago | parent
It uses a lot of metaphors. It references stuff implicitly - a LOT - and assumes pretty much all the time that the thing it did is what you saw, which you didn't. But if you just.. read the stuff it says, and know a few old-school sayings and thesaurusize your reading style, it usually says things quite meaningfully.
I think a lot of people just don't read what it writes. So many folks I've watched used LLMs don't write in complete sentences, don't read the sentences that come back, don't watch the turns and tool calls in the middle, and then just respond to the message as if it says something it doesn't. I'm saying all this before I read the paper, but I've done a lot of personal and team experiments with this, so I'm quite curious to see what they say. I'll edit this after I go through it.
--
Fascinating! I did actually run into a lot of this with my personal 'engineering and communication styles' experiments. Most of the papers out there talk about models moving toward human language inside of a context window, and not the other way around (much smaller effect for human->model). I had a few years of conversations I ran on local and 'frontier' Claude and found that, yes, in general, information density is what each response turned out to be geared toward, whether it was everyday health discussions or deeper engineering topics and research. The component tests they ran I've been exposed to already, but I think their conclusion nailed it: ```This discrepancy may help explain why many frontier LLMs use linguistic constructions which are technically allowed by the grammar of English, yet are out-of- distribution for human language and are associated with comprehension difficulty.```
sadrasabouri 22 minutes ago | parent
data-ottawa 13 minutes ago | parent
In contrast, most human communication and writing is intended for other humans, and we constantly hit failures here that we learn to iterate on and improve. Humans who do math do so with the constraints that their math needs to be reviewed by another human and in the context that all their writing needs to be understood by another human.
The process causes a warped and compressed version of language.
bluegatty 13 minutes ago | parent