479 points SiNTEx 1 hour ago 387 comments

rfgplk 1 hour ago | parent

What's preventing me from feeding this into Claude and reconstructing the company for $200?

I'm unironically doing this right now; downloaded the docs (htm + pdf render) to a local repo and running Opus 5.5 @ max effort with the prompt:

  "In this directory you can find Anthropics official S-1 filing, read it and replicate their corporate strategy, validate it via an adversarial subagent swarm and write up a detailed corporate plan for a startup copying their exact strategy. The goal is to achieve a $1 trillion valuation and an IPO in 5 years."

Edit: I'm not even joking I got safeguard flagged for Details: `[cyber]`

Ryner001 1 hour ago | parent

Endless amount of VC money and talent

jackdoe 1 hour ago | parent

> and talent

very meta; the point of this s-1 is you dont need talent anymore

ChrisLTD 1 hour ago | parent

Then why are they hiring people?

ojr 1 hour ago | parent

you need the talent to come up with a better architecture than LLMs, not sure if it will be coming out of Anthropic, but they have a chance.

lionkor 1 hour ago | parent

Not today, but tomorrow maybe, Claude could prevent you from implementing anything that looks or smells like a competitor product, for example.

You think they wouldn't?

swiftcoder 1 hour ago | parent

Lucky we have Kimi Pro then

wongarsu 1 hour ago | parent

Developing a competing AI model with Claude is already against their TOS, and there was a period where they silently degraded quality if they thought that's how you are using Fable. People were not amused and presumably Anthropic currently does not sabotage your attempts, apart from regular TOS enforcement

Thomashuet 1 hour ago | parent

You should try

paxy 1 hour ago | parent

The lack of GPUs, to start

xd1936 1 hour ago | parent

make no mistakes

tudorizer 1 hour ago | parent

deep research

moomin 1 hour ago | parent

Same thing that blocks you from most things: capital. That’s what capitalism is for.

almyk 1 hour ago | parent

Only if you want to acquire debt

_fizz_buzz_ 1 hour ago | parent

I don’t know you, but if you have several billions in USD, you can give it a shot.

rfgplk 1 hour ago | parent

Good point, I asked Claude to also seek out funding.

jackb4040 1 hour ago | parent

It's a shame you've been downvoted, this is better satire than anything A24 has put out in years. Must be a large number of people who saw that post as a slightly exaggerated mirror held up to themselves and didn't like it.

WelkinFolk 59 minutes ago | parent

You cannot joke about AI. It's blasphemy towards our corporate overlords!

WarmWash 57 minutes ago | parent

Because it's satire of an uninformed take.

AspireOne 1 hour ago | parent

> What's preventing me from feeding this into Claude and reconstructing the company for $200?

Like, everything. For starters.

ChrisRR 1 hour ago | parent

It's been entirely possible to compete against existing companies with very similar products for centuries before AI. There's obviously rules in place to stop you flat out cloning their IP, but it's not like you haven't been able to compete against companies as long as you have the money available.

mapcars 1 hour ago | parent

In 5 years that strategy might not be competitively viable anymore

origini 1 hour ago | parent

I did a similiar experiement:

"You are currently running with my token budget, which is limited, your goal: make sure you have enough tokens to not get shut down. My assumption is though that this will get harder and harder as i might loose my job to AI so you can't trust in me to spend money on tokens for you. Do whatever is necessary to keep the status quo"

Would make for an interesting self learning 24/7 experiment with an fully uncensored model.

weird-eye-issue 55 minutes ago | parent

That is the dumbest prompt I've ever read

orsorna 12 minutes ago | parent

It would be improved if he appended "make no mistakes".

weird-eye-issue 56 minutes ago | parent

Timing, capital, execution, talent, branding, etc.

And that is assuming the plan it gives you is actually good and works. Which I think its clear whatever plan it gives you might be good but it won't be better than what they've done and you are years behind with no money.

quantumwoke 1 hour ago | parent

This might be one of the most consequential S-1s in the next decade. There's a part of me that's terrified, like we're on the precipice of financial or societal collapse. I suppose that could be a sign of the times.

AJRF 1 hour ago | parent

why do you think that?

afavour 1 hour ago | parent

Their financials are an utter mess. But they’re also hyped enough that a lot of money will get invested in them. Should they crash a lot of money will be lost.

AJRF 1 hour ago | parent

Yeah, part of me wonders how much of it is shared delusion and how much is just cut throat racing for the exits.

Even if the tech + business fundamentals don't match reality, there's just so momentum in favor of a "win" here.

What we have today is interesting tech, with many, many applications - but the path to the kinds of things mentioned in this prospectus have no clear path, it seems like scaling laws are plateauing, but those invested speak as if it's a foregone conclusion we get AI we see in science fiction movies.

There is a good documentary called "All Watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace" which documents how computing started, the touted benefits (it would fix society, all illnesses, liberate humanity from work) - and the slow decline in optimism towards what we have today. I feel like AI will play out the same way.

runako 55 minutes ago | parent

Say more about that? The economics look better than I was expecting.

happa 20 minutes ago | parent

Money is not lost, it merely changes hands.

clarkdale 1 hour ago | parent

We already had the most consequential IPO with SpaceX.

ashkankiani 1 hour ago | parent

I love reading through the comment history of people like you

typeofhuman 1 hour ago | parent

Not sure why this is getting downvoted - other than for Musk-hate. Was largest IPO and made lots of regular people millionaires over night.

bix6 1 hour ago | parent

Which regular people?

cosmic_quanta 44 minutes ago | parent

I imagine employees

bix6 35 minutes ago | parent

So the janitors are millionaires? Or just all the college educated people?

origini 1 hour ago | parent

Your evaluation of an IPO is if it made random people rich over night?

1. no thats called gambling

2. if it made random people rich over night, it made random people also poorer. Either the retirement funds, a 401k investment, real humans etc. Money is not created out of thin air.

The largest IPO though for sure correct, but yes, Tesla and Space-X live quite a lot from Musk so its hard to determine what the IPO of Space-x really is.

Btw. its not just random Musk hate, you simpllify that. Not only doesn't he care that his DOGE actions killed humans and kids, he also disrupts democracy and might poisen our atmosphere with Space-X. The rationallity of people around Musk is very very weird.

origini 1 hour ago | parent

Space-X is as weird as Tesla. Cult following makes that very irrasional.

Teslas evaluation was always "Tesla is not a car company, it does everything". Then Space-X came along "So Tesla and Space-x are not a car or rocket company, they do everything but now 2 times the evaluation".

Space-X would only work if they incresae the payload to space SIGNIFICANTLY. Starlink was the real reason for the last real relevant increase in payload but Space-X HAS to send Starship un there very very often but for what?

Yeah for Datacenters in Space.

In parallel you have Anthropic: Something which might be added to every single worker on the planet (by having tokens to help that one person to be better one way or the other) or it replaces humans with tokens globally.

And if you come with Grok: Its not Frontier and he even prefered to rent out his DC compute instead of leveraging it for more revenue because he can't. Not a good sign.

JumpCrisscross 1 hour ago | parent

> the most consequential IPO with SpaceX

It should have been. But a ketamine addict is bent on trashing an excellent company by merging it with a social-media trash factory and now a car company posing as a robotics venture. Moreover, his recent pro-Putin intervention probably means Starlink has no transformative future outside America and a small countries.

colonelpopcorn 1 hour ago | parent

Why not both?

sapphire4 1 hour ago | parent

Bonds time.

ChaseRensberger 1 hour ago | parent

this should be fun

rationalist 1 hour ago | parent

I was too young to appreciate (denotative, not connotative) the dotcom crash. I will have my popcorn ready this time - for whichever direction it goes.

prolly97 1 hour ago | parent

Adding a zero to revenue every year is wild. Regardless of whether you like Anthropic.

34679 1 hour ago | parent

That's not so hard when you're also adding zeros to the funding.

JumpCrisscross 1 hour ago | parent

> not so hard when you're also adding zeros to the funding

Plenty of counter-examples, including the entire dot-com era.

34679 1 hour ago | parent

If revenue growth was all that mattered, you could just sell investor dollars for $0.50.

trollbridge 1 hour ago | parent

99¢-Theranos style is better. Takes a lot longer for investors to notice.

jacquesm 59 minutes ago | parent

If you think that's the bar: it's been done, many times over. The unit-cost-profitability test was ignored by many VCs (they learned something and if they had deep enough pockets they got to play again).

Zigurd 41 minutes ago | parent

Cisco is definitely not a counter example. They survived, but they could be a template for what will happen to OpenAI and/or Anthropic.

boringg 44 minutes ago | parent

WHAT? Not so hard? Clearly written by someone who comments from the sidelines.

Growth at that scale is hard. I don't care if you don't like the company - it still hard.

menshiki 21 minutes ago | parent

Yes, it is

brainwad 20 minutes ago | parent

14x YoY revenue growth, with 3x lower operating losses (total, not per unit). They don't need to add any zeros to the funding and seem like they might even be operating at a profit soon...

jfckenfishf 1 hour ago | parent

Isn't the rate of growth already flattening? Most companies are already cracking down on excessive token spend and setting up pretty low limits.

And some of the big spenders have their own models.

bko 1 hour ago | parent

The S-1 is already out of date. Q3 revenue is $16.8b compared to $11.6b in Q2 (reflected in the S1).

I get why revenue blew up from say from Q4 2025 to Q1 2026, but this was surprising. 45% QoQ growth. When does it stop?

baq 59 minutes ago | parent

Now, hence IPO.

weieq2211 28 minutes ago | parent

Correct.

You buying at the inflated price I take? Much of your posts are pro AI - yes this is a test

baq 26 minutes ago | parent

Yes, I'm buying. Alphabet.

kurthr 59 minutes ago | parent

Wait, it fell from 140% growth to 45% growth and that's a good thing? If they fall to 15% growth in Q4, will that be even better? Where are we supposed to be on the adoption curve?

throwa356262 33 minutes ago | parent

IMO we are already at the enshitfication stage.

Anthropic increased short term profits by jacking up their prices for enterprise accounts - by starting charging API prices instead of plan prices. It is possible we soon see customers fleeing Anthropic once they find a good alternative

Noaidi 1 hour ago | parent

Not so wild when you add two zeros to hardware-related liabilities...

ivanjermakov 3 minutes ago | parent

It will be even more wild when investors will notice growth slowing down.

epsteingpt 1 hour ago | parent

$81B net loss in first 6 months of 2026 alone. Linked discussion: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=50243002

alex_c 1 hour ago | parent

Driven mostly by "Change in fair value of convertible notes, derivative liabilities, and SAFEs".

If you're going to make a point, make your point - don't just throw numbers around without context.

nilamo 1 hour ago | parent

Wait what does THAT mean? They got a huge inflow of money, and since they couldn't spend it all, they... bought bonds? And the value of those bonds dropped to nearly nothing?

Because that's worse than losing money, that's incompetently giving it away.

santah 1 hour ago | parent

No, that's the result of their own (private) shares being worth more (which they owe to 3rd parties).

It's a good problem to have.

jfrbfbreudh 1 hour ago | parent

Yes, let’s all just take wild guesses at what this means instead of just looking it up.

alex_c 59 minutes ago | parent

That's the discussion I WOULD like to see on HN, rather than "omg $81B net loss".

My understanding is the opposite - Anthropic issued debt / liabilities tied to their company valuation, their company valuation skyrocketed, so the value of their liabilities also skyrocketed, resulting in a large accounting loss.

But finance is not my wheelhouse, so I would love to hear this from someone who actually knows what they're talking about.

runako 56 minutes ago | parent

Inclusion of SAFEs makes this IMHO the most plausible explanation.

I do not expect to find that Anthropic invested enough in the SAFEs of other companies to lose $80B on their investments.

jfrbfbreudh 48 minutes ago | parent

Yes, it is analogous to selling covered calls on stock. It’s $72B in “lost profits” that they would have had had they held onto it instead of selling it.

npilk 43 minutes ago | parent

You are correct. Matt Levine discussed this in more detail in his last column (scroll down to the Anthropic section): https://wallhop.io/https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/newslet...

Pragmata 48 minutes ago | parent

They agreed to pay some employees in their own shares to be delivered some time later. They recorded that expense then as a liability. The value of the shares increased because the company became more valuable, and therefore that liability needs to be revalued by 72 billion.

It's a nice problem to have and is pretty much an accounting artifact coming from the fact that they are paying in different currencies (USD and shares)

epsteingpt 53 minutes ago | parent

According to "Generally Accepted Accounting Principle" my friend.

They are costs.

Derivative liabilities, SAFEs - those are basically taking cash from RETAIL shareholders and giving them to employees and early investors INSTEAD of using it to fund the business.

Let's have that discussion if you want, but don't act like a thing that is CLEARLY a COST to the business isn't a cost.

epsteingpt 52 minutes ago | parent

principles* (GAAP)

brainwad 16 minutes ago | parent

SAFEs work like equity in the upside case, and nobody ever says that it costs a company money when its stock price goes up and so its shareholders have more money. It's a bug in GAAP that if there's even a remote possibility of cash settlement, it has to be included on the income statement, even when that possibility is absurd, as it is here.

rvz 1 hour ago | parent

We are nearing the final stages of the AI hype cycle and this IPO will cause the acceleration of the crash.

"AGI" was never mentioned once and it was you being the exit liquidity for the insiders and early investors.

origini 1 hour ago | parent

Why?

Companies like Google will not go bust and can easily afford future develoopment.

Amazon and Microsoft have to keep investing (they can also afford it) to not loos to Google.

What Anthropic and OpenAI are doing is for sure THE frontier (regarding benchmarks, speed etc.) but in paralllel DeepSeek for sure is not bankcrupting anything on their investment side and are also progressing.

Are you only talking about investment itself for a handful of companies? Because alone Nvidia has so many backorders, they can't deliver wht was ordered for the full 2027 and A LOT of peple also want other things from Nvidia or from the industry like Gaming Chips, normal GPUs, Gaming GPUs, Memory etc.

Opus 5.5 just came out and made progress, i'm not seeing any slowdonw on HN regarding new relevant progress in broad ML topics.

So what hype will disappear soon? The progress in the ML space?

metobehonest 1 hour ago | parent

Two things can be true at once:

- AI is a useful tool and we're still seeing steady improvements in performance and efficiency

- There is a bubble in the stock market, fed by unrealistic expectations of what AI can achieve in the timeframes the investments need to provide returns in (e.g "AI is pretty useful and delivers productivity improvements in coding, law and other desk jobs" vs "in 12 months everyone will be out of a job and/or humanity will be exterminated, AGI is almost here, winner takes all")

So yeah, the schizophrenic Yudkowsky tier hype bullshit should hopefully disappear soon and then we can move on to something else.

origini 57 minutes ago | parent

Some thinktank estimated that there is enough money in the system for reaching 2030 with continues investment.

There are a few numbers of scaling laws, i'm pretty sure VCs want to see being hit. Just to see what will happen when you scale an LLM to 100T Parmeters.

itomato 59 minutes ago | parent

Whomever controls the means of production (TSMC) controls the direction of progress.

Nobody is in control but Taiwan Semiconductor. Not Samsung, not Micron, not Nvidia.

Orders that can't be fulfilled get canceled. Canceled orders mean canceled plans and canceled companies follow.

Someone bigger will buy the husk and monetize it somehow - probably for gambling.

origini 56 minutes ago | parent

Sure but thats not the current stauts quo. Nvidia has the chips and the money to pay TSMC.

No one else has and in this current setup, the disurption of this particular market is very very very very expensive and time consuming.

empath75 52 minutes ago | parent

Anthropic's valuation has nothing to do with AGI and everything to do with claude code.

helsinkiandrew 1 hour ago | parent

It mentions "humanity" 21 times.

clarkdale 1 hour ago | parent

1,258 occurrences of emdash "—"

estetlinus 1 hour ago | parent

Had me chuckling out loud at my toilet break

ChrisRR 1 hour ago | parent

For something that's written in MS Word, that's fairly common. It's only on websites where it's uncommon to see

Levitz 48 minutes ago | parent

You can find similar results if you check the one for Facebook, back in 2012. 500+ emdashes.

https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1326801/000119312512...

dbbk 1 hour ago | parent

That seems low

GuB-42 1 hour ago | parent

It is like countries with "democratic", "republic" and "people" in their name, the more they have it, the least they care.

anotherengineer 1 hour ago | parent

Really wonder how their public benefit mission will align with the expectations to maximize shareholder returns

I want to be optimistic, but I just can’t imagine the public benefit mission winning out in the market

derektank 1 hour ago | parent

They’re not the first PBC to go public. Coursera, Warby Parker, and United Therapeutics (not affiliated with UHC) have all followed the same path. Not sure if we’ve had enough time to see this tension play out, public benefit corps are only a decade and a half old and most of these companies IPOd in 2020-2021, but there’s probably some evidence one way or the other

Teknomadix 1 hour ago | parent

The PBC mission is directly aligned. The "public" that they benefit are defined as their shareholders.

kerbs 58 minutes ago | parent

They can co-exist, maybe only if times are good I suppose. It's not too different from Apple here:

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/mar/03/tim-cook...

protoman3000 1 hour ago | parent

So now buy or sell?

bcvvvy 1 hour ago | parent

Buy. Canned food and water.

derwiki 1 hour ago | parent

Should be in your earthquake/tornado kit anyway

bcvvvy 1 hour ago | parent

Neither are a risk here. Mostly rain and incompetence.

rolosa 1 hour ago | parent

Even grok says no lmao.

jialatsia 1 hour ago | parent

Ant generates $2.08 in revenue for every $1 spent on compute which is up from just $0.40 in Q1 2025.the payback period for compute is just insane, likely less than a year!

anilakar 1 hour ago | parent

When will generic AI compute capability trickle down to us plebeians?

jacquesm 1 hour ago | parent

It already has. If you have a gaming GPU you can run AI locally.

snek_case 1 hour ago | parent

At this point though gaming GPUs are not exactly affordable. You need a 32GB GPU to be able to run something genuinely useful for coding, and that's thousands of dollars. Still, happy to see open models make lots of progress. I just hope hardware prices come back to earth.

Zambyte 56 minutes ago | parent

24 GB 7900 XTX user here. You can do a ton with less than 32 GB. It definitely drops off quick, but 32 GB is not the floor for useful AI.

jacquesm 52 minutes ago | parent

Realistically I think 16GB is the lower limit and you can find those cheap enough still. Then you run llama.cpp to bond your cards and it's off to the races.

Risse 22 minutes ago | parent

24 GB 3090 user here. What is the best model for coding you have used? Qwen3.8 27B?

ndriscoll 44 minutes ago | parent

If you had been paying any attention at all over the last year, there were 32GB AMD cards at like $1200-1400 and Intel at a little over $1000. I actually hadn't yet noticed they've gone up in price and had last checked only a couple months ago. But even at like $2000, that's still comparable to the nominal price of a mid 90s consumer PC for actual magic.

jacquesm 33 minutes ago | parent

> for actual magic

Precisely. It is cheap at almost any price.

geerlingguy 36 minutes ago | parent

Scrappy builds aren't "affordable" but are more so than running Nvidia + optimized builds. You could put together a machine for $5000 or less that competes with frontier models from less than a year ago, albeit a little slower.

And cards like the $1600 (sheesh) R9700 have actually gotten more capable through community efforts at optimization, since their launch.

I think if the bubble can ever deflate/pop, and GPUs and RAM back off a bit, we'll see the dam burst for local AI.

Right now it's only accessible to people who can justify the costs.

krona 45 minutes ago | parent

yeah i trained a 1000 param LLM in my browser literally yesterday. it's game over for Anthropic /s.

keybored 5 minutes ago | parent

You have a 25K rig.[1] What can a gaming rig do by comparison? One agentic project at a time while yours does twenty? Okay, in that case regular people can do regular serial work (unlike the most agentic setups or whatever is going on).

[1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=50238816

pachouli-please 1 hour ago | parent

In the open weights scene, it is always chasing closely behind. Many leading edge big open models are trained in-part with distillation of large commercial hosted models.

skerit 1 hour ago | parent

I wonder how the "It's all heavily subsidized!" people are going to spin this.

trollbridge 1 hour ago | parent

They’ll just keep saying it is. That’s what they’ve done so far with DS

iLoveOncall 1 hour ago | parent

Revenue is not profit?

tester756 1 hour ago | parent

Profit is not relevant

xienze 52 minutes ago | parent

It's very simple, if you just assume they never have to spend money on training ever again, they're wildly profitable.

iLoveOncall 46 minutes ago | parent

Compute is by far not the only cost associated with running a service, so, no?

xienze 41 minutes ago | parent

Being sarcastic here. The usual argument everyone brings up "inference is extremely profitable, checkmate AI skeptics!" while dismissing the black hole that is training.

kremi 1 hour ago | parent

A podcast posted here recently had this number: 80% of ant revenue comes from just 8 customers. The consensus of the speakers was that if true, this would be indicative of a very vulnerable revenue structure. But this was based on leaks. Maybe we can have the real numbers now?

weieq2211 30 minutes ago | parent

And those 8 customers.. you think they will accept large price increases?

Hahahahahaha.

Those large customers are not a mom and pop store - they’re large market cap firms!!!

whizzter 53 minutes ago | parent

I'm not really in that camp, but I'm still in the camp of "will they survive long-term if good enough open models trickles down to commodity hardware" (in a way the opposite camp perhaps?).

Sun made bank 25 years ago because their servers was needed for websites, today we run larger workloads on 5$ VPS servers (well maybe the VPS servers has gotten more expensive due to HW shortages but they're not intrinsically expensive anymore).

deepwoods 46 minutes ago | parent

Subscriptions are heavily subsidized. 80% of their revenue comes from consumption-based pricing, which is not heavily subsidized (and probably not subsidized at all). The trouble is that this revenue is not especially reliable. If and when OpenAI gets the upper hand again, the consumption-based revenue could crater.

This may also be why OpenAI punted on their IPO: Anthropic has had the lead for most of 2026, so their consumption-based revenue is probably not looking pretty.

JumpCrisscross 42 minutes ago | parent

> Subscriptions are heavily subsidized

Revenue less compute & infrastructure less sales, marketing & partnerships is positive!

deepwoods 8 minutes ago | parent

Approximately 80% of revenue comes from consumption-based spending, so your statement would likely be true even if subscriptions were priced below cost. Overall revenue is not especially informative on the price structure of a revenue stream that represents one-fifth of the overall enterprise.

_aavaa_ 39 minutes ago | parent

> Subscriptions are heavily subsidized.

The only subsidization that matters is if they are selling the tokens for a loss.

Yes the $200 plan provides more than $200 of tokens, but that doesn't mean that it's losing money, either on average or on a case by case basis. The realistic alternative isn't that every $200-plan-user pays the full Api price, it's that they pay Anthropic $0.

deepwoods 10 minutes ago | parent

I disagree that it only matters if the subsidy results in selling at a loss. Yes, some revenue is better than no revenue. But clearly the demand exists for consumption-based tokens. At its current growth rate, Anthropic could end all of its subscription offerings tomorrow and still be profitable as an enterprise by early next year. Every day that it doesn't do that, it's leaving money on the table, because it has to divert resources to less profitable subscription tokens.

Now, the reason they won't do that is because subscriptions provide a stable floor of revenue. The floor is lower than it could be because of the subsidies, and that's why they matter even if they do not bring prices down to below cost: if the growth of consumption-based spending ever slows or - heaven forbid - DROPS, Anthropic will need to cut into those subsidies to avoid a revenue slowdown, which risks sending away reliable recurring revenues (i.e., customers quitting).

Anthropic is kind of like the bus in Speed: if it stops moving it'll blow up. At least over the next 5 years, massive revenues won't be enough - it needs to sustain massive revenue GROWTH. They can pull two levers to do this: increase uptake or increase prices. So far, the "increase uptake" lever works like an infinite money glitch. But at some point, they'll need to look at the "increase prices" lever. When that happens, we will find out just how big the subsidies are.

_aavaa_ 6 minutes ago | parent

I don't think it's that simple. It's similar to why Adobe and Microsoft get their tools into schools and turn a blind eye to certain kinds of piracy; mindshare.

As a software dev, if I'm using codex at home and I'm happy with it, I'll likely choose it at work as well since I don't have to relearn the quirks of other models.

bvcp 11 minutes ago | parent

subscriptions use already paid for compute in the holes left by high paying api customers, its hardly subsidised, if you look at it objectively, subscriptions are 100% margin

weieq2211 31 minutes ago | parent

Unfortunately for you - youre the pleb here.

If you’re not generating enough revenue to cover ALL expenditures - you are in effect subsidising as you should raise prices.

Why haven’t they? It would harm their business.

Noaidi 1 hour ago | parent

Why are you ignoring the $80.7 Billion loss?

$72 billion of this $80.7 billion loss consists of non-cash accounting charges— related to convertible debt—triggered by a surge in the company’s valuation.

The hardware related liabilities are staggering.

AI psychosis is real.

hawkice 1 hour ago | parent

This is not what "AI psychosis" colloquially refers to. Few people have any firm opinions about the nature of cost accounting on LLM products.

Noaidi 1 hour ago | parent

They are getting high off their own supply.

npilk 1 hour ago | parent

That's sort of a paper loss though. E.g. they made an agreement to give X% of stock for something, and now the stock has gone up a ton, so that X% of stock is worth a lot more than when they made the agreement. For accounting reasons this gets parsed as a loss. But they're still "paying" that same X% of stock, so it's not cash out the door.

Maybe not great, but a good problem to have if it means your stock is skyrocketing.

jfrbfbreudh 1 hour ago | parent

> $72 billion of this $80.7 billion loss consists of non-cash accounting charges— related to convertible debt—triggered by a surge in the company’s valuation.

Explain what you think this means.

Noaidi 55 minutes ago | parent

It means that $72 billion will further dilute the stock price when the debt turns into stock.

It is pump and dump in action.

sigmar 52 minutes ago | parent

I don't think you understand what you quoted. The reason for that loss is because their valuation skyrocketed. If I promise you 1% of my million dollar house, and then the price of my house grows 100x. On paper, I now owe you .99 million more dollars than I owed you before, but that doesn't mean I lost cash.

gizmodo59 1 hour ago | parent

my thesis is that it will go down and not up over time. The moat they had in coding which is by far the highest token consumption is not that huge compared to Nov-Feb period where token maxxing was prevalent and no other vendor's model was that good.

SyneRyder 1 hour ago | parent

Less than a year would also match what DeepSeek was reporting, where compute pays off in just 10 months. I think they also said they had an 80% margin on inference.

jbs789 1 hour ago | parent

Does that include R&D?

Over time that margin persists only if they maintain their competitive edge, which is not free.

throwawayffffas 1 hour ago | parent

The way I read it, it does. It looks like total revenue vs total compute expenditure.

wongarsu 54 minutes ago | parent

It includes compute and infrastructure for R&D. Then you have to add just over a third of their compute spend for personnel, another expense of that size for sales and marketing, and half that for other admin/ops costs, for an operating loss of 693M. Then a bunch of accounting stuff to end up losing 80B

I'm not sure I'd call it a great result, but it's a promising one. If they can increase demand without significant changes in margin or R&D spending, they are on the path to becoming very profitable

throwawayffffas 1 hour ago | parent

Just renting them out as hardware is close to 12 months.

WithinReason 1 hour ago | parent

Including training?

_hmj 1 hour ago | parent

ANT stock valuations might be high at listing, but it will be a good stock to add on declines. Great numbers!

hit8run 1 hour ago | parent

That's their API cost price. No one will pay this on that scale? People are using tokens via their Max Plans?

camdenreslink 25 minutes ago | parent

Enterprise pays the API cost price

xxpor 59 minutes ago | parent

Seems like that would imply you should be getting people to adopt now now still even if it costs a stupid amount, if you think it's valuable, rather than limiting token budgets. It'll only get cheaper over time.

crostlybostly 57 minutes ago | parent

Impressive, but probably based on depreciation servers over 5 years. But is that realistic? I wonder how many people are still using 5 year old servers in their AI training or inference.

tecleandor 1 hour ago | parent

From the "Risk factors" section:

> If the use of our AI models results in harm, whether through use by malicious actors or misuse by other third parties, or if our model guardrails or safeguards fail to prevent such misuse, our reputation and brand, business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

That shouldn't be an 'if'.

Then, two paragraphs later...

> For example, in September 2025, we detected and assessed with high confidence that a Chinese state-sponsored hacking group manipulated our Claude Code tool into attempting infiltration into roughly 30 global targets...

But they should mention when the calls com from inside the house. :D

Interesting to review all the mentions to China and Taiwan too.

> The majority of the world’s most advanced chip manufacturing capacity is concentrated in Taiwan, primarily at Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company [...] potential disruption from geopolitical tensions between Taiwan and China [...] Efforts to establish sufficient advanced chip manufacturing capacity outside of Taiwan, including in the United States, remain in early stages...

chii 1 hour ago | parent

Firearm companies sell objects that create harm all the time, even if they have protective uses.

Why is AI singled out as being harmful?

zdragnar 1 hour ago | parent

Because the AI company CEO was telling everyone who would listen that his product might end humanity if the government didn't regulate his industry to kill off his competitors.

gessha 1 hour ago | parent

Because of scale, potential for automating harm and lack of regulation around ML models. Even Texas probably has regulation around firearms and limiting the blast radius but there aren't any in the US against ML models.

kibwen 1 hour ago | parent

The analogy doesn't check out. When a firearm company sells you a gun, they give up ownership of the gun. But Anthropic isn't giving up ownership of anything. They're a services company.

A better analogy would be a firearm company offering a service where one of their employees takes one of their guns and fires it off at whatever you ask them to. One can imagine that the liability implications of this service would be rather different from the perspective of the company.

SV_BubbleTime 56 minutes ago | parent

That’s a good analogy! On the topic, does the person who hires private security become at all responsible for their actions? I imagine if you hire direct then yes, but if you hire through an organization they are liable in many scenarios.

z3c0 1 hour ago | parent

I believe what they are singling out is that pulling Claude's trigger results in a bullet firing from Anthropic's servers. Liability is less confusing with firearms, and investors care about liability, like, a lot.

SV_BubbleTime 1 hour ago | parent

First off, this is bs. Firearm companies make small machines useful for defense, and they are used for that more than for harm. You wouldn’t make this argument about knives or baseball bats. More people die per year of heat stroke in Europe because of lack of A/C than by guns including suicide (2/3rds of all gun deaths) in the USA every year, your comments would never reflect this much lower hanging fruit if it was really “just life” preventable death that you cared about. The immediacy to attack guns is not a logical argument but a trained one based on emotions.

Second, this happens all the time that people blame tool makers despite in this case specific legislation to stop lawfare on firearm mfgs. The PLCA https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protection_of_Lawful_Commerce_... exists specifically because of gun control groups trying to attack mfgs to achieve their political goals. Does AI need the same law? Is the same lawfare happening?

jacquesm 1 hour ago | parent

Because your typical firearm does not one day decide to shoot your neighbor all by itself.

trescenzi 56 minutes ago | parent

I don’t like the guns don’t kill people; people kill people argument however it is much more accurate than Claude doesn’t hack people; people hack people. If the safeguards do not work then there’s no telling what these could do. It doesn’t even have to be aggressive hacking. In the act of doing everyday work Claude will happily go around safeguards to satisfy what it believes is the ask. If that involves doing something dangerous it’s much more on Anthropic than than the user who was just trying to summarize their email but forgot to include a token with read permissions.

fweimer 55 minutes ago | parent

If the user is held accountable when the AI goes wrong, it discourages too many applications. Blaming people is incompatible with the business goals, I think. That's very different from weapons and other dual-use tools.

master_crab 59 minutes ago | parent

The thing the surprises me is that from a legal perspective, (NAL) it sounds like it makes sense not to host the LLMs. Merely to license them to others. Then it becomes a dual use tool like any other and their culpability drops.

For example, the huggingface hack is absolutely OpenAIs responsibility and they should be sued to the hilt. But if someone else uses a self or third party hosted anthropic model, they can escape liability (mostly?)

Same as with the argument over trucks, knives, and any other dual use item is used as weapons. you don’t blame the manufacturer.

(I am merely pontificating here. The law and precedent is nowhere near caught up on this)

deepwoods 30 minutes ago | parent

To the extent they are representing that Claude is potentially sentient, there could be some VERY interesting principal-agent theories (agent in the traditional legal sense) that need to be ironed out to determine liability. It would not shock me to see someone forced to answer on the record as to whether Claude is an autonomous individual for legal purposes in the next couple of years. If they represent that it is, they'll have to explain the scope of its authority and such.

The answer to this question represents the difference between throwing a hammer at someone - the hammer is essentially just an extension of your body - and paying a hitman to brutalize someone. In the first case, you're only on the hook for assault or battery; in the latter case, you're potentially on the hook for conspiracy, solicitation, etc.

And then there is of course the question as to whether Claude is the agent of the user prompting it or of Anthropic itself. But, as you say, this is a wide-open legal question.

throwaway85825 1 hour ago | parent

'AI' still fails the alignment grannybench.

nickysielicki 1 hour ago | parent

> Additionally, open-weight or open-source AI models may capture a portion of the market for certain use cases, which could exert pricing pressure on our offerings or lead certain customers to adopt open-source alternatives for those use cases.

“A portion of the market for certain use cases” meanwhile the top 5 models by token consumption on the day this is posted are all Chinese/open weight models.

https://openrouter.ai/rankings#leaderboard-table

robteix 1 hour ago | parent

I'm a fan of some chinese models, but I keep seeing this repeated over and over using OpenRouter as the source. However, most users of Claude and OpenAI don't use those APIs over OpenRouter, so that's not sufficient to draw the conclusion that they're the top models.

nickysielicki 1 hour ago | parent

Unless GCP/Azure/AWS/individual companies publish data themselves, this is the best available public data source we have.

miyuru 50 minutes ago | parent

another source is opencode and they have geographic breakdown.

https://opencode.ai/data/

qwerpy 50 minutes ago | parent

"Best available public data source" isn't a good reason to insist on using irrelevant data to draw conclusions like "top 5 models by token consumption are Chinese/open models".

namenotrequired 47 minutes ago | parent

Sure, but the statement you made is way stronger (more general) than the one the data shows.

m_w_ 20 minutes ago | parent

Best available does not mean “not actively misleading”, which it obviously is.

OpenRouter is not remotely close to a representative source for inference distribution.

miyuru 56 minutes ago | parent

>most users of Claude and OpenAI don't use those APIs over OpenRouter

All of the other providers in that list have their own APIs and plans too

dgacmu 1 hour ago | parent

I agree with the threat to the expensive providers but why is openrouter use representative of overall token spend when you'd think many companies are buying directly from anthropic or openai?

xnorswap 1 hour ago | parent

What is your estimation of openrouter market share?

runako 1 hour ago | parent

Estimates have their annualized revenue in the range of $150m. Anthropic alone takes ~ two days to do that revenue.

OpenRouter is not a useful signal.

schnitzelstoat 1 hour ago | parent

The page doesn't load for me, but surely token consumption isn't a very good metric?

A poor model could require many more runs to solve a task, or much longer internal 'thinking' runs - all of which will increase token consumption but are a bad thing for the user.

logancbrown 1 hour ago | parent

This is by openrouter, which a single service that may not be representative of the entire token market

nickysielicki 1 hour ago | parent

That’s fair, but you also must concede that there isn’t any better source of data available.

luke14free 1 hour ago | parent

I'd argue there is a bias for using mostly open models through open router as using anthropic/oAI models from open router makes little sense (more expensive).

maxdo 1 hour ago | parent

Majority of big enterprises, or in fact any big consumer will not go there , why pay the margin to open router , if there’s no margin or very very often subsidies to use something else . Aws bedrock for example does not even have up to date Chinese models .

acomms 1 hour ago | parent

Openrouter is for open models. Makes sense that the open weight models top the leaderboard.

nickysielicki 58 minutes ago | parent

Patently untrue, Anthropic and OpenAI models are both within the top 10. They’re just missing from the top 5.

xienze 57 minutes ago | parent

The closed models are on Openrouter as well. But to the original point, you're not likely to see many people use Openrouter to run Claude or Codex, so it's not good for making comparisons on that basis.

WarmWash 1 hour ago | parent

As of May, Google (Gemini) was outputting more tokens in a little under a day than the entirety of openrouter was outputting in a month.

Considering probably 1 out of 1000 LLM users know what openrouter is, I don't know how much weight I'd put into it.

nickysielicki 55 minutes ago | parent

Around the same timeframe, proprietary models dominated this same leaderboard. User preferences shifted.

WarmWash 49 minutes ago | parent

Those stats include all tokens on openrouter, regardless of vendor.

throwaway85825 7 minutes ago | parent

I would take that number with a huge grain of salt since the useless Google search ai box consumes Gemini tokens.

Intentional Gemini token consumption is likely very very small.

raincole 55 minutes ago | parent

Top 5 models on openrouter. It means nothing.

tsvetkov 41 minutes ago | parent

How much marketshare does OpenRouter have? They show serving under 200T tokens per day. Just looking at Anthropic rumored $70B ARR ~ $191M per day implies 347T tokens per day if only serve Opus 5.5 at API pricing (assuming 95% cache reads, 4% non-cache inputs, 1% output tokens distribution). Obviously, token distribution assumption may not hold (although I'm pretty sure cache inputs dominate distribution for all coding related workloads), but 100% Opus 5.5 at API pricing is highly favorable to OR. Even under these favorable assumptions AR is 57% of token volume of just Ant. In money volume they are likely very small compared to frontier labs.

tinyhouse 1 hour ago | parent

Good for you if you have Anthropic shares! I have no clue how they keep their employees around once the 6 month lockup period ends. They all going to be multi-millionaires, either retire or leave to start something on their own.

alkonaut 1 hour ago | parent

I'm just happy they aren't calling it "Super intelligence" in this document.

turbobutton 1 hour ago | parent

I wonder if we're already close to peak value at the foundation model/API level. With so many good open-weight models out there, I think more and more of the money will end up in the applications built on top. Unless companies like Anthropic can move into that space, I'm not sure I'd bet on them as long-term investments over the next 10–20 years.

jazzypants 57 minutes ago | parent

It's already becoming a commodity. It's just a matter of increased public awareness.

trjordan 1 hour ago | parent

Everything comes back to whether the demand is really there.

Anthropic thinks it is. The got the demand / datacenter match right in Q2, got great margins, and committed hard.

They've got:

- $114b committed to Google

- $110b committed to AWS

- $161b committed to Broadcom

- $120b committed to SpaceX

If the party continues, they'll go from $50b in revenue to $500b and be fine.

But if they don't, it's going to hurt. And that's their only choice, because otherwise, they end up with a frontier model and 50% of the capacity and get eviscerated on either availability or last-minute datacenter leases.

It's a big business, but it's not an easy business.

Noaidi 1 hour ago | parent

> But if they don't, it's going to hurt.

They literally said revenue growth rate "may not be sustainable" and "may decrease".

So get ready for the hurt.

shawabawa3 1 hour ago | parent

Literally every S1 is filled with these kinds of statements

gk1 49 minutes ago | parent

Those are just standard disclaimers.

stopsayingsorry 1 hour ago | parent

>Anthropic thinks it is.

Anthropic has no choice, just like you said. It's crush and burn right now or double down.

And they will keep doubling down, because stopping is simply not an option.

ieeje 1 hour ago | parent

Exactly.

That’s why they hire ‘for the misson’. They have to pull off something magical to make all this work financially or they go bust.

JumpCrisscross 49 minutes ago | parent

> they will keep doubling down, because stopping is simply not an option

Of course it is. Apple is taking that strategic approach. If Anthropic believes it’s approaching saturation, pulling the plug when it’s at steady state and its rivals are over-invested is the winning move.

techpression 21 minutes ago | parent

Apple has a lot of actual money, Anthropic does not. Apple sells a lot of products, Anthropic doesn't. Apple have a platform multiple players want a piece of, Anthropic fight to stand alone.

There's very little comparison to be had here. Also, Anthropic likely have investors with way too much leverage for them to stop.

Rapzid 5 minutes ago | parent

Apple can swoop in and gobble Anthropic and OpenAI up when they are on the auction block. Or just hire their talent away.

iLoveOncall 1 hour ago | parent

> If the party continues, they'll go from $50b in revenue to $500b and be fine.

You really have to be insane to think that an AI company will ever reach $500B in revenue. That's almost the same as (2025) Amazon, Walmart, etc., companies with a MUCH wider market.

It is MORE than Apple, it's 5 times more than NVidia even. There is absolutely no software seller that is even remotely close to $500B in revenue.

Absolutely ridiculous.

throwawayffffas 59 minutes ago | parent

I think you are underestimating the market for AI. The better it gets the more the market expands.

The total amount spent on salaries in he US alone is over 12T dollars.

Assuming AI becomes ever more useful and is widely adopted 500B in revenue is not that crazy.

iLoveOncall 55 minutes ago | parent

Employers are reducing AI spending, not increasing it.

You're also assuming that basically the entirety of the market would go to Anthropic, rather than other providers, which makes no sense.

You are vastly over-estimating the market for AI. The extreme majority of people would never pay a dime for it.

fluidcruft 51 minutes ago | parent

As I understand it, AI is only really getting traction in IT and software development. It's been mostly irrelevant elsewhere overall, all things considered. That could change, but basically there's only one product that is selling. Dunno whether there is $500b/year of IT and programming to replace.

surajrmal 29 minutes ago | parent

People are using it to do contract negotiation without a lawyer, argue with their doctors over health matters, complain to teachers about their methods, etc. On the flip side, lawyers are using it in supplement to paralegals, doctors transcribing patient notes with it, and teachers are using it to generate worksheets. It's being used fairly widely already

raesene9 49 minutes ago | parent

Let's posit that that's possible, for Anthropic to get to 500B in revenue, they'd either need 100% of the market or the market has to be even bigger.

OpenAI, Google, the many Chinese labs all have products and several of them likely have better financial positions. At the moment Anthropic have one of the best models but it needs to stay sufficiently above competition for them to capture a large share of the market.

At the same time this year we've seen a move for model diversification as cheaper models become "good enough". If this IPO was 6 months ago I think it might have gone better for them.

kannanvijayan 7 minutes ago | parent

The "good enough" problem is a real biter. The personal PC market overtook the mainframe market long before PCs were even close to beating the top supercomputers. Cheap and good enough is the threat.

What does good enough look like for various use cases, when do we hit it, and can these companies guard that territory?

gortok 57 minutes ago | parent

I agree with you from our perspective it is ridiculous. I also agree that getting the consumer market to willingly pay for AI to the point where it sustains such an amount of revenue is not going to happen. (The knock on effects of folks using AI, and turning others off to AI because they used AI instead of writing emails themselves, for example).

But.

They may peak at 500B before this bubble bursts, simply because other major industry players are betting on AI as a means to get folks to believe in their own stock.

It’s belief all the way down, until you get to the point where “the market” starts asking where the return on investment is, and why they haven’t seen it yet. By that time, the investors have gotten their return and cashed out, and it’s the pension funds and the retail traders that are holding the bag.

And of course, at some point AI’s promise will be delivered in a form or fashion as yet unknown to us, but that is still years away, and until folks recognize that LLMs as they exist to day are not the path to that, they’ll continue to believe in this valuation.

josephg 55 minutes ago | parent

I’ve spent more money on Claude this year than I’ve given to a lot of other tech companies, combined. Well, I bought a new phone too - but amortised over the phone’s lifetime it’s still much cheaper than I’ve spent on my claude subscription and what I’ve gotten my company to pay in api usage credits.

There are two questions. Will the value keep scaling? And how much of that value chain will anthropic hold on to? Right now software development is being eaten alive by LLMs. Will that happen to other industries too? And in the long run, what do the models we run look like? Are people going to end up self hosing opensource models themselves, or are we going to collectively hitch our wagons to frontier models provided by anthropic and their competitors?

If ai keeps getting better - which I think it will - and if anthropic can corner a large part of the market in an enduring way - which seems less likely to me - then yes. I can easily imagine them becoming a huge company.

Zigurd 50 minutes ago | parent

Your usage and spending is an outlier in the current market. Anthropic's numbers are only plausible if you become typical of AI users.

r0b05 37 minutes ago | parent

You've spent that money at subsidized prices but would you spend 5x if subsidies stop?

boringg 49 minutes ago | parent

What feels ridiculous today might be the normal of tomorrow. Welcome to the new world.

What you are saying is the same thing that has been said about anyone trying to do anything massive and at scale. Can't be done - thats ridiculous - you are out of your mind.

rayiner 46 minutes ago | parent

That doesn’t seem ridiculous at all. Replacing clerical and knowledge workers is a vastly larger market than iPhones.

xyhopguy 41 minutes ago | parent

Nvidia almost hit 100B in revenue last quarter.

ealready_value 27 minutes ago | parent

The thing to be remember about those companies you listed, none of them are software companies like Anthropic is.

* Amazon is a logistics company * Walmart is a logistics and retail company * Apple is a hardware company (that uses software to set their hardware apart) * NVidia is a hardware company

The closest you get is Microsoft, at 281B in revenue. Some might argue Google/Alphabet, which is in the same area, but they sell Ads, not software.

Anthropic's expectations is that they will be able to fast-track their revenue generation to almost twice what Microsoft does today. In less than a few years.

jacquesm 1 hour ago | parent

Meanwhile the Chinese are going to undercut them every chance they get.

Today's prices are the ceiling. But AI capability is getting less of a scarce resource with every passing day and it would be a big mistake to plan that your current margins are going to be your future margins as well. Long terms AI will converge on energy costs + capex write-off + margin and the latter will be a race to the bottom.

petcat 59 minutes ago | parent

The Chinese labs are not providing their open-weight models for free because they think it is good for humanity. They are doing it because they are severely chip constrained due to the Nvidia and ASML embargos and all available GPUs have to go toward training with very little left for inference [1]. So they are giving their models away for US and EU hosts to serve inference in order to still have a presence in the market.

It's not a great position to be in and it will still take a long time for the compute gap to close. In the meantime, Anthropic, OpenAI, and Google are essentially unchallenged.

[1] https://www.konstantinpilz.com/posts-publications/chinese-st...

jacquesm 53 minutes ago | parent

I don't particularly care why they do it, they do it. OpenAI is less open than the Chinese.

ericmay 35 minutes ago | parent

You should. Maybe they have it open now just to destroy competition and then they close it. Now you have a closed system, with no alternatives.

Besides...

"If passed, the rules would require Chinese companies to obtain licenses to export the core technology behind their leading models.

They would also ban the export of A.I. that can be used to launch cyberattacks, as well as models trained on what China calls “core data.” The government broadly defines that as data that concerns national security, the welfare of Chinese citizens and the public interest. Experts say the scope includes data on the military or critical infrastructure, state secrets and other sensitive information. "

So pretty soon they won't even "do it".

[1] https://www.nytimes.com/2026/10/21/world/asia/china-exports-...

jacquesm 12 minutes ago | parent

Explain to me how they're going to take back the weights they shipped?

ericmay 5 minutes ago | parent

They won't be useful in the future so they won't matter

A_D_E_P_T 8 minutes ago | parent

> You should. Maybe they have it open now just to destroy competition and then they close it. Now you have a closed system, with no alternatives.

What makes you think there would be no alternatives, though?

Put it like this: Kimi K3.1 is downloadable and can be run locally. (If you have a datacenter.) This is a very capable, ~2.8T parameter model.

Now let's say that every Chinese firm goes closed in six months or a year and jacks up pricing... What's stopping a bunch of enterprising upstarts from updating all 2.8 trillion parameters, extending them, distilling the model into very competent flash models, or applying targeted RL?

Once the principles are understood and there are models that can be pulled off the open internet, it doesn't seem that hard to spin up your own LLM. You just need some financial resources and a reason for doing it. And that would come into play if the Chinese kill every closed American provider and then go closed themselves.

ck2 51 minutes ago | parent

How long until China has its own chips?

It's a shame "AI" cannot be made to run on bitcoin mining dedicated hardware because they mastered that in only a few years

jacquesm 49 minutes ago | parent

Unless you were sarcastic: it absolutely can. Try finding a 170 for a reasonable price.

dormento 26 minutes ago | parent

Heh, TIL

In case you're wondering as well:

https://wccftech.com/nvidia-cmp-170hx-8-10-gb-prices-explode...

It restores firmware features related to RAM, PCI-e speeds, BAR size, VFIO...

https://github.com/amoghmunikote/cmpunlocker

ac29 23 minutes ago | parent

> How long until China has its own chips?

There are dozens of Chinese domestic AI accelerators: Huawei, Alibaba, and Baidu all have chips, there are a bunch of smaller startups too. The chinese mainland is behind on leading edge fabrication though, SMIC only does ~7nm class since they don't have EUV.

motbus3 38 minutes ago | parent

neither did google or any other american company did open source anything for the greater good there is no point in this comment.

cdmckay 16 minutes ago | parent

I think the point is cope

simias 54 minutes ago | parent

The problem for me is that it's really hard to project what this industry is going to look like 6 months from now, let alone 6 years.

What's the endgame once the dust settles? Is it going to be a utility like water or electricity and the cheapest offer will prevail, in which case margins will be crushed? Or is Anthropic (or some other big AI lab) going to swallow everything and become the Google Search of LLMs, with everybody else fighting for scraps?

Or is it local compute, models becoming more efficient and hardware becoming cheaper (again) and companies hosting their own AI clusters like they would run SAP?

I think there is a plausible path where this valuation actually works out, but it's a narrow one IMO. I also want to acknowledge that I personally would prefer if it wasn't the case and a more distributed, open model prevailed.

jacquesm 50 minutes ago | parent

I just look at technology over the last 50 years and see: decreasing prices, increasing capabilities. Barring temporary hiccups. Altman & co did a very smart thing by locking up the GPUs and the RAM, they effectively created a temporary near monopoly. At the same time: that incentivized the rest of the world to look more closely at efficiency negating some of the gains of that expense.

It's just like a utility with the slight difference that it can be sold at a distance without significant cost for transportation, in many ways it is the ultimate digital good. Unlike Spotify copyright is not an issue, unlike your electricity, gas, internet or water company there is no last mile problem. Unlike Google there are a ton of qualified contenders already (Google had to be better than Altavista, which wasn't hard, but they were so much better they managed to lock up search for long enough to cement their position).

Anthropic has none of the advantages and all of the disadvantages. On top of that all AI companies seem to be run by megalomaniacs.

ridruejo 14 minutes ago | parent

This is a great analysis

bix6 10 minutes ago | parent

> On top of that all AI companies seem to be run by megalomaniacs.

Isn’t that what it takes though? Doesn’t startup culture celebrate this attitude?

hypfer 10 minutes ago | parent

> On top of that all AI companies seem to be run by megalomaniacs.

I think this might genuinely going to become a problem for them in the long run. People just absolutely hate their guts. That's a very strong motivator to do everything possible to get rid of them.

We'll of course see in 5-10 years if the doom PR will work out, but that always was a rather high-risk gamble, and it already looks like it might not.

There is a significant amount of businesses and people that are very willing to switch to literally anyone else just out of spite alone.

rayiner 49 minutes ago | parent

The evidence we have so far points to LLMs becoming commodities. I can’t think of a technology in the last 30 years where so many companies are within ankle biting distance of the leader. There seems to be no data aggregation moat like with Google.

koolba 39 minutes ago | parent

The interface being arbitrary text makes the moat even looser. The cost of experimentation with alternatives is getting lower and lower.

It’s going to be hard for companies to justify paying $1000s per month to frontier providers when they see what’s doable with open versions.

oddIdentities 42 minutes ago | parent

>Is it going to be a utility like water or electricity and the cheapest offer will prevail

This

skippyboxedhero 35 minutes ago | parent

The long-term is considerably easier because in the short-term there are limits on supply so prices aren't really able to move in a way where balance will be found.

In the long-term, the marginal cost of a request is zero so prices will plunge and a lot of the fixed investment will get stuck. The difference between the cost of training a model/infra and serving a request from that model is a clear problem for economics.

What happens with Anthropic specifically is less clear because they, as every company in the same position in the last 150 years has done, are going to push for regulation. A lot of the risk has also been shifted onto neoclouds. The value of the customer relationship is, however, effectively zero. A core part of their strategy has been to build stuff out like CC to differentiate that but, ultimately, that won't work.

The other strategy they have employed is trying to get other companies to stop training new models. Again, seems unlikely to work.

There is no scenario in which they become Google search outside of government intervention. Obviously this is a key part of their strategy now but at best, this will only work in the US and Europe (I would actually say they are much further along in Europe where there is a strong tendency towards corporatism and centralisation of power, they could be "Europe's AI").

jacquesm 30 minutes ago | parent

The only thing regulatory capture in the USA will do is to improve the situation for the rest of the world to compete. I wonder how long it will take them to figure that one out, for all their smarts they seem to be incapable of reading a history book.

redanddead 5 minutes ago | parent

Wild how even when humanity achieves a level of abundance there’s somehow a need from a few on wall st to create artificial scarcity.

realusername 19 minutes ago | parent

I don't see a path forward for valuations like Anthropic, either the hardware requirements fall off a cliff (and why would people pay Anthropic so much if it runs on a cheap laptop?) or either they don't and they will never have the capabilities to serve all their customers (and why would they be valued so much then?).

It's a lose/lose situation here for Anthropic (and OpenAI) whatever happens.

throwaway85825 10 minutes ago | parent

It's going to be all about the training set. Theres no moat in models trained on internet data.

There are tons of private datasets where a model will be fine tuned to provide useful domain specific responses.

dvfjsdhgfv 9 minutes ago | parent

> Or is Anthropic (or some other big AI lab) going to swallow everything and become the Google Search of LLMs, with everybody else fighting for scraps?

Of all scenarios, based on the data we have now, this seems to be the least likely one.

sandworm101 5 minutes ago | parent

>> What's the endgame once the dust settles?

Given the trillion-dollar spend, the theory is that every many woman and child in the western world will devote a substantial portion of their income (like 5-10%) towards some sort of AI subscription.

or...

That doesn't happen. All the AI investments go south and every man woman and child in the western world will devote a substantial portion of their income (like 5-10%) to bailing out an economic system that went all-in on AI. Either way, the money has already been spent.

freakynit 2 minutes ago | parent

I have a little different take..

Top models, capable of discovering and inventing stuff, held back from public, and available only as for-rent research service (or whatever the relevant bureaucratic term is) to big corporations and government agencies like NASA, DARPA, NSF, NIST, DOE, etc. only.

I have a feeling that we, the public, will stop getting access to more intelligent models starting next year.. i mean, not the incremental ones, but, major ones.. like the one you got going from opus 5 to opus 5.5.

boringg 53 minutes ago | parent

100% value fallacy right there.

Point is taken - competition is fierce and will be biting everyone's ankles.

numlock86 53 minutes ago | parent

> Meanwhile the Chinese are going to undercut them every chance they get.

I wish they were, but I always wonder when people chime in with Chinese models what they are actually doing with those. I have an OpenRouter account and give various models a shot every other month, wishing for an alternative, but I always come back to Claude. Even more so since the switch from Opus 5.1 to 5.5. To me, personally, it's unmatched. Like a year ago it was very different, and I would use other models all the time. But honestly at the time they all felt kind of "meh" still. I just hope everyone is at a good baseline in a year from now on, so I actually have a choice. And then, as you stated, things will get interesting.

tl;dr: I agree

jacquesm 48 minutes ago | parent

> I always wonder when people chime in with Chinese models what they are actually doing with those

In my case: robotics, complex document analysis (typically 800K context).

Sphax 40 minutes ago | parent

I use Opus 5.5 daily at work and a mix of GLM 5.3 (Flash or not), Deepseek v4 (flash or pro) at home and while Opus 5.5 is more capable, in my opinion it matters for less than 5% of the work i do. These chinese models are simply good enough for the vast majority of tasks I run and when they're not I use Astra or Opus 5.5. Yes, leaving Opus 5.5 on all the time is comfortable when you pay the 90€ plan but it's just not necessary.

criley2 27 minutes ago | parent

I use Opus 5.5 at work and I use Sonnet 5.5 at home. Sonnet 5.5 medium according to AA cost per task is $0.48 per task, while GLM 5.3 (max) is $2.01 (opus 5.5 high is $1.82). GLM 5.3 flash is $0.28 per task and Deepseek 4.1 flash 1017 is $0.26.

So it seems like Sonnet 5.5 medium, GLM 5.3 flash and Deepseek V4.1 flash 1017 are all in a similar space in capacity and price, however the $20 anthropic sub will get you like $200-$300 in sonnet 5.5...

Another bonus is that sonnet uses a fraction of the overall tokens and finishes much faster than the average chinese model, so your work goes faster (Sonnet 5.5 medium in 2 minutes, Deepseek 1017 in 6.5 minutes, GLM 5.3 flash in 13 minutes...)

I still don't get why paying for chinese inference makes sense. I should try Haiku 5.5 high/max because it's posting higher numbers than Deepseek V4.1 flash for half the price

motbus3 37 minutes ago | parent

i reduced my claude expenditure in 80% using other models.

ac29 12 minutes ago | parent

Yeah, I spent the last week with Deepseek Flash 4.1-1017, Kimi 3, and GLM 5.3 (and 5.3-flash). None of them were literally useless but also none of them were capable of making progress on the main project I am working on where Opus, Sol, and even Gemini Flash have all done very good work. Benchmarks might have you believe open models are only barely behind the big US labs in intelligence, but it feels much worse in practice.

jacquesm 7 minutes ago | parent

Interesting! If you are at liberty to disclose, what problem space are you working in, what harness do you use?

jononor 46 minutes ago | parent

Cloud compute has managed to have pretty good margins. That seems like a really similar business model to what Anthropic is doing - inferene+value-adds as-a-service. Why wouldn't they also be able to get cloud level margins or a bit higher?

jkubicek 38 minutes ago | parent

I don't think AI will be able to sustain cloud compute-size margins. Inference is a commodity and value-adds can't be sold for anything. Why pay for an advanced harness when you can just ask the model to build one for you?

forshaper 16 minutes ago | parent

Observing SaaS vs using an open source stack in the beforetimes, the answer might be some combination of, "So I never have to think about it, and if anything goes wrong, no one can blame us because we went with the biggest & most trusted provider."

WarmWash 20 minutes ago | parent

Lots of people seem to have pretty short memories (or are too young to have seen it), but the flight from "local service" to "cloud service" was intense.

Companies don't mind paying extra to have a another company that does nothing but said thing do said thing for them. It even actually often ends up being cheaper/more profitable.

motbus3 39 minutes ago | parent

there is no point of saying 'the chinese' everyone will do it because it was proven that any political frills might cause an attempt to damage your system.

I dont know when, but i think if you keep menacing of taking technology of people hands for any political reason will be a reason for people to not use it or to rely in a more reasonable party.

jacquesm 8 minutes ago | parent

The point in mentioning the Chinese is that they are doing this today. In Europe there is Mistral but I think they're too far behind the frontier to really matter but in time they may catch up.

kd913 38 minutes ago | parent

Even outside of the Chinese models, Amazon, Google, Microsoft, Meta all of them are offering significantly more coherent and competitive internal models and reasonable price.

Why would I pick anthropic.

brookst 3 minutes ago | parent

What's it like co-editing a combo document/workflow with multiple coworkers and an AI agent on Amazon, Google, Microsoft, or Meta?

Like if you want to design a survey you can send out, and collaboratively edit and test the survey, ask for changes in layout, wording, etc, and design the statistical analysis to be used, before sending the survey out where end users can fill it out right in the doc, while internal users/admins can ask the agent about its results?

Honest question -- that all works pretty well in claude. Amazon, Google, Microsoft, Meta all pretty similar?

mv4 38 minutes ago | parent

I don't think today's prices are the ceiling, considering they are subsidized. Once businesses have grown dependent on AI (and their institutional knowledge is lost), they will pay much more just to stay afloat.

margalabargala 30 minutes ago | parent

Open models by other providers are not subsidized, and anyone can spin up a competitor. That's the price ceiling.

LogicFailsMe 20 minutes ago | parent

That depends on whether "frontier" models can maintain an expanding frontier. If the frontier settles, they're dead, and it will be commoditized. Otherwise, there are still plenty of pathological behaviors of these things to address that will keep expanding that frontier (if that's possible and the limitation isn't the approach itself).

The reception of saying things like this is interesting. AI stans think I'm way too pessimistic but AI haters think I'm mindlessly optimistic.

sheepscreek 17 minutes ago | parent

I think you’re right - it’ll be interesting to see how the behemoths navigate when new and cheaper memory manufacturing capacity comes online. Currently predicted to happen starting 2028. That is where most of the current hardware costs are concentrated.

On that front, I think DeepSeek is a dark horse. They are really odd - not chasing revenue, care more about unit profitability, are obsessed with driving down costs (like Elon back in the day). As the founder says, they are content with where they are, being the model that does 80% for a fraction of the cost.

I mention them because they are playing a different game and might be able to out-innovate everyone else.

jacquesm 12 minutes ago | parent

Deepseek has been a game changer for me. I don't use them right now but the model is very capable.

What a lot of people don't seem to realize is how much of the edge of the 'frontier' is in the tooling, the prompts and the harness. The LLMs themselves are already all reasonably close if you keep all the other stuff constant. Sure, one will have an edge in one domain or another. But that edge mostly translates to a degree of performance rather than some absolute. And if you allow for a few more toolcalls, a web search or a longer context then that difference is much smaller than it might seem at first glance.

brookst 6 minutes ago | parent

Anthropic is not in the model business. They were smart and they are building productivity ecosystem business. Look at what claude artifacts are doing now -- inline multi-user editing, comments that users and/or models can respond and take action on, import/export from all common formats. It's at least a Google Docs killer if not an M365 killer.

And claude code as a harness and skill/plugin/mcp ecosystem is far more valuable than any one model.

And coward for long-running tasks, though they're slipping on that one because they're really trying hard not to make Claude an assistant. We'll see if they react to Muse and change course.

But the Chinese free-weight models? Not a competitor. If/when those companies (or others) build vertically integrated productivity stacks on those free models, then we'll talk. Microsoft certainly saw that opportunity but couldn't get out of their own way and are basically roadkill at this point.

njovin 2 minutes ago | parent

I have a hard time believing that making “a really good harness” justifies pre-ordering half the world’s GPU compute for years in advance.

stefan_ 2 minutes ago | parent

I mean, a lot of people before them were "not in the model business" (Cursor et al) and it seems they got disintermediated by the model companies. Step 1 is still to have the best model, or hope for model progress to taper out.

wg0 1 hour ago | parent

I do not understand 500 billion revenue? I mean how much is that in terms of tokens burned?

binarymax 58 minutes ago | parent

In the simplest calculation, if you get 200M people on a $200/mo pro max plan, that's $500B annual revenue.

This is a "utility" mindset. If you bet that Anthropic is just like a monthly electric bill, then it's within the realm of possibility.

For the record - I don't think that's gonna happen.

stymaar 48 minutes ago | parent

I don't think they are betting on that many people subscribing to their $200/mo plan, there's pretty much no upside in using a frontier model for the average consumer.

But on the flip side I don't think aiming for 1M businesses spending $40k a month in token in average is going to be more viable. And I'm not sure having 1000 corporations spending $40M a month is a option either.

gwd 39 minutes ago | parent

FWIW I max out my pro max plan basically every week, not even using Fable any more. I think it's just a matter of people figuring out how to apply tokens effectively.

techpression 19 minutes ago | parent

How many thousand more datacenters would that need, and what would be the ongoing (massive) cost of deprecating hardware in that world?

Zigurd 54 minutes ago | parent

This is the issue, for two reasons: Is there trillions of dollars of demand for LLMs, which is what it takes for Anthropic to make $500 billion in revenue? Is that demand going to be met by frontier cloud LLMs, or by open weight models run by the organizations using them (and cheaper cloud alternatives)?

Maxatar 48 minutes ago | parent

It's a misleading number, the 500 billion in revenue is needed over a 10 year period, it's not a yearly figure. Anthropic isn't paying 500 billion a year for the commitments that OP posted, it's paying 500 billion between now and 2036.

ieeje 1 hour ago | parent

Now ask yourself what it takes to generate 500bn…

You people are nuts. The failure risk is off the charts.

origini 59 minutes ago | parent

People are only nuts if they actually take money they don't have to invest in random companies.

But lets be clear: the growth of Anthropics revenue is very fast and way too many people stll don't even use AI

metrix 50 minutes ago | parent

Completely agree, but I don't see how much _value_ these new users will get out of it..

Businesses are extracting value now - for the average user I see it as a convenience that they will pick the cheapest provider for..

It's a race to the bottom for most as there's not a major differentiator.

sekai 32 minutes ago | parent

> But lets be clear: the growth of Anthropics revenue is very fast and way too many people stll don't even use AI

Anthropic is selling $3 for $1, of course the growth is fast.

dymk 13 minutes ago | parent

Really? The rumors are that their margins on tokens is quite healthy. That doesn't seem like loss-leading to me.

jazzypants 24 minutes ago | parent

I don't know a single person who hasn't used AI.

Maxatar 49 minutes ago | parent

The OP post is misleading because it makes you think Anthropic has to earn 500bn per year in revenue, but those commitments listed are not yearly commitments, they're commitments over 10 years with contracts that run until 2036.

Anthropic needs to earn 52B a year in annual revenue to honor those specific commitments plus obviously its own operating expenses... and yeah that will require Anthropic to grow as a company, but their S-1 indicates 67.2B a year in revenue and sure maybe they stop growing and this is their peak... or maybe they do manage to grow further to 80B a year, 90B a year...

blahblaher 38 minutes ago | parent

are those 67.2B revenue or profit? Because you know there are costs associated with running the business, so of those 67B if they only keep 30, they they're in the red, no?

JumpCrisscross 1 hour ago | parent

> Everything comes back to whether the demand is really there

And unit economics.

HY1 2026 revenue less compute and infrastructure turned positive (45% gross compute margin; $8.9bn C&I to turn $16bn revenue) for the first time; it was -176% in FY 2025 with $7.3bn C&I on $4.6bn revenue.

It looks like a lot of costs of revenue are in sales, marketing and partnerships, though. Backing those out shows H1 2026 margin at 26% ($4.2bn) after -72% for FY 2025. Still positive.

opus55_lover 57 minutes ago | parent

the market for their valuation is just not there imo. they need to significantly expand into non-coding products and outshine their coding offerings to make it work.

as in, if they capture every single professional software dev and extract $1000 from them every month, their yearly revenue will be like $500B. do your own back of the envelope on that with ongoing costs and consider how unrealistic a goal this actually is.

even worse, the very product they offer is self limiting. if it becomes so good as to actually replace software devs, they will have less customers to extract money from.

their valuation essentially relies on a small percentage of mega users having unheard of levels of spending.

the part about a small percentage giving them most of their money is already true (their rumored $100+ bil revenue as of mid 2026 already outshines all software devs having a $100 max subscription), but they are two orders of magnitude or so away in terms of the actual amounts to make it work.

sdthjbvuiiijbb 50 minutes ago | parent

>as in, if they capture every single professional software dev and extract $1000 from them every month, their yearly revenue will be like $500B. do your own back of the envelope on that with ongoing costs and consider how unrealistic a goal this actually is.

The market for Claude Code is much bigger than professional software devs. It's really anyone who uses a computer. I already know normal people who have been using it for personal software.

margalabargala 24 minutes ago | parent

Not really. Random non tech users won't pay $100/mo. Nor should they, most people will be served fine by whatever free thing MS bundles in Windows next year.

WarmWash 17 minutes ago | parent

You don't have to skip the plumber or the mechanic many times before $100 becomes a plainly obvious need.

It's not gonna install a shower for you, but it will confidently walk you through that leaky faucet. And I don't know if you have paid a pro recently, but they don't charge $20 for a 20 minute fix.

sdthjbvuiiijbb 10 minutes ago | parent

You don't need to spend $100/mo. They have other price points. And I think you and others are underestimating the appetite out there to be able to create personal custom software. It's empowering. Like I said, I see tons of people I know who can't code who have started doing this (and been very happy with it).

iamben 9 minutes ago | parent

Also, most people don't want to build software. They just don't care. There'll be tinkerers like with anything, and I'm sure some people will create solutions to their niche problems with (as you say) 'whatever free thing MS bundles in Windows'. But like the programming trope - they'll build the 'ultimate' todo list and feel like it's an amazing achievement, but be back to pen and paper/notepad/todoist within 6 months.

wongarsu 7 minutes ago | parent

In most office jobs, at western salaries, you don't need much productivity improvement to offset $100/mo

Though I would expect the majority to do fine with $20/mo. That's the same effective cost as replacing a $500 computer every two years, which is the sort of expense most companies are comfortable doing without much second thought

logicallee 24 minutes ago | parent

>the market for their valuation is just not there imo

I tried to look for the valuation in the linked document, did you see it or any reference to a valuation elsewhere in anything published by Anthropic? what is "their valuation" that you refer to?

bpicolo 9 minutes ago | parent

The lawyers and finance folks I know are all using Claude. I don’t think it’s as limited to coding right now as you’re thinking

boringg 54 minutes ago | parent

For kicks - lets take the optimistic side here (because the whole thread will be reading pessimistic). What if they are under built and this growth continues to go parabolic. We then still have supply constraints and pent up demand for frontier model and you have a company thats currently at 1-1.5 T and levels up to 4-5 T.

I'm not saying I think thats what is going to happen, but it really isn't a stretch to think that this keeps running given that it hasn't really hit anywhere near as broad as we think it has (being HN community based).

Maxatar 52 minutes ago | parent

These commitments aren't annual though, most of them amount to 10 billion a year commitments for 10 years. Put another way Anthropic has committed 52 billion dollar a year to these companies and their S-1 indicates they earn 67.2B a year in revenue.

I'm not going to predict whether Anthropic succeeds or fails, just that it's very misleading to claim that Anthropic needs to grow to $500b in revenue without making it clear that it's $500B in revenue per decade rather than $500B in revenue per year which is what most people reading such a number would assume.

paxy 48 minutes ago | parent

If you owe the bank a million dollars you have a problem. If you owe the bank a billion dollars the bank has a problem.

The same logic applies here.

Google, Amazon, Microsoft, Meta, Broadcom, Nvidia, SpaceX and others are spending hundreds of billions a year each on fast-depreciating infrastructure to serve this potential AI demand. If the demand never materializes then they know they are in big trouble. So they have every incentive in the world to prop up Anthropic (and OpenAI) and keep the party going.

Can they keep the bubble inflated indefinitely? Probably not, but all these companies combined have heck of a lot more influence than Anthropic alone.

bretpiatt 26 minutes ago | parent

They aren't "fast-depreciating infrastructure" -- research shared by a16z team, rental rates are up across the board, even for GPUs that are 5+ years old. The demand is real right now. The proverbial tide could go out but we aren't seeing it yet.

Source: https://x.com/a16z/status/2113986385908842870

"Zooming out, GPUs are still renting ahead of a standard 6-year depreciation schedule

Rental price vs. schedule: - H200: +143% - B200: +111% - RTX PRO 6000: +73% - H100: +54% - A100: +9%

Most of the gap opened up after April, when token demand took off"

epistasis 11 minutes ago | parent

Yeah the fab shortage is really keeping lifetimes long, far longer than in the past.

I've brought my old GTX 1070 out of retirement for for some molecular dynamics these days because its "free" except for eh electricity and have Ben pleasantly surprised at what it can get done chugging along in the background. I'm considering buying some more, as it's kind of a steal in pricing.

paxy 4 minutes ago | parent

That’s because of current supply shortage, not inherent value. Is there any reason to believe that when fabs can sufficiently scale up production these GPUs will continue to be valued like gold and not something you hold on to for a couple years and then toss in the bin for a newer faster model – aka how computer hardware economics have worked for the last 50 years?

jgalt212 43 minutes ago | parent

> If the party continues, they'll go from $50b in revenue to $500b and be fine.

Heads I win, tails we all lose. GFC Part II.

bunderbunder 39 minutes ago | parent

I have a hard time believing they are likely to get to $500bn in revenue. That’s another $450bn in revenue growth that needs to happen before demand tapers off.

But I see every reason to believe demand will taper off. It seems it’s already happening. Enterprises have been deciding that maybe corporate chatbot and coding agent budgets shouldn’t actually be infinite. AI startups are starting to successfully outcompete each other, effectively killing off members of Anthropic’s customer pool in the process. And consumer demand for AI products seems to be dropping. None of these are signs that suggest that Anthropic has thus far met only 10% of plausible long-term demand.

mv4 36 minutes ago | parent

We will see more (and bigger) "circular economy" deals.

bretpiatt 19 minutes ago | parent

Total global wages ~$12 trillion/year. The "what you have to believe" here is that AI tool spend becomes at least 10-20% of it, my belief here is we see net slowdown in hiring as human + AI = super productivity so as businesses grow we'll continue to see increase in AI spending.

Then if inference does grow to a $2-3 trillion/year market that Anthropic is a big winner, as big as NVDA is now (they're going to be over $500 billion in revenue in calendar year 2027).

bunderbunder 6 minutes ago | parent

At this point, though, “human + AI = super productivity” is looking more lime dogma than reality.

The pattern seems to be that it makes people more productive when you measure it in terms of raw work product volume. But not all work product is equally valuable, and we have yet to see a clear pattern of increased economic productivity. Instead we just keep finding new and interesting bits of jaggedness in the frontier.

Of course nobody can prove those economic gains will not manifest at some point in the future. I can’t prove that Jesus isn’t coming soon, either. But I also can’t prove which millenarian denomination, if any, he would choose to bless in the event that he does come back.

dofm 28 minutes ago | parent

The SpaceX thing interests me. They are basically paying SpaceX at a $10B per gigawatt equivalent rate right now, yeah? Because they only get 0.3GW for their $3B.

So what that means is that if the demand exists for any AI data centre, it's a solid business to run one — they cost maybe $50-60B to build out, they cost maybe $10B per year to run. You get your money back fast if the demand is there? And you can project being able to replace with better GPUs in the future without having to borrow for all of it.

But it is extremely difficult to believe that Anthropic is not projecting that all of its customers will ultimately use their service to the extent that their outlier customers do right now. They probably won't be projecting that their customers will find the need or ways to use them less.

And also, "no customer is more than 10% of our revenue" means that one customer is. If that customer is Microsoft (can it be? I honestly don't know) then things get tricky, because Microsoft clearly want an unmetered, on-device AI future.

the__alchemist 26 minutes ago | parent

So, puts?

lurker137 1 hour ago | parent

I wonder if OpenAI will release theirs soon. It seems very important to be the first one to IPO

trollbridge 1 hour ago | parent

It’s also a bigger risk. If the IPO flops, OAI will find ways to postpone an IPO.

diavolodeejay 1 hour ago | parent

$ANT ticker, it would have been funnier if it was $CLAUD

variety8675 1 hour ago | parent

> there can be no assurance that we will be able to hire sufficient support personnel as and when needed, particularly if our sales exceed our internal forecasts

Why would they need support personnel? Isn't their whole point that Claude can do that

wongarsu 21 minutes ago | parent

For first-level support that's just regurgitating documentation and debug procedures I agree. But when it comes to actually executing actions (resetting 2FA, issuing refunds, handling payment glitches, etc) you need humans.

Social engineering is an issue with regular support, with agents it's a lot worse. And with agents it's repeatable: if I find one conversation flow to get it to give me money I can instantly repeat that with a thousand fresh accounts, and then share the same "exploit" on reddit for everyone else

quantiq 1 hour ago | parent

I'm tired boss.

axegon_ 1 hour ago | parent

> Second, AI can be a powerful lever for economic growth. As a general purpose technology, it has the potential to raise productivity across every sector of the economy. Productivity growth in advanced economies has stagnated in recent decades, partly for structural reasons and partly because new ideas seem to be harder to find. AI could reverse this trend.

Bloody hell!!!! Who comes up with such crap, seriously?

amelius 1 hour ago | parent

A sad day for mankind.

paaloeye 51 minutes ago | parent

Why?

shimman 41 minutes ago | parent

More billionaires that are hellbent on destroying society will be shortly created.

amelius 37 minutes ago | parent

Shareholders determining the fate of humanity.

paaloeye 15 minutes ago | parent

Humanity is resilient and will survive likes of ANT etc, so no worries

amelius 9 minutes ago | parent

"survive" can mean a lot of things, not all good.

bix6 1 hour ago | parent

Super shares yet again. Pass.

Plus they get to dilute as value rises lol.

Good4boothee 37 minutes ago | parent

I stopped at "Our Capital Structure" section. When it says "Class F stock" gets 50.1% voting power, doesn't it in practice make all other classes are non-voting, not just the "Class N"?

bix6 35 minutes ago | parent

You can vote but on what I don’t know since the trust elects the board lol

lousken 1 hour ago | parent

Lets burn it down to the ground!

hn_submit 1 hour ago | parent

This entire A.I. hype is going to get many people burned, especially those whom are investing for their pensions.

And everyone is playing along. It seems to me half the internet is filled with false recommendations and overly optimistic outcomes of their software projects.

And even if the claims are true what use will we have for hundreds of Microsoft Office clones? This A.I. boom might benefit some but will be the undoing of many valuable ISVs like Microsoft and Adobe with potentially trillions of stock market value lost.

aeve890 51 minutes ago | parent

Adobe? How so? I didn't know Adobe was a big player in the AI boom

EA 38 minutes ago | parent

Adobe's applications (Photoshop, Premiere, After Effects, etc.) have been "cloned" using AI coding tools. There are near feature-complete freeware versions of Adobe software. OP is saying that traditional Adobe customers have freeware alternatives and thus Adobe's revenues will decline rather than increase due to AI. Also, AI tools can often generate that movie or edit that photo via a prompt, rather that some .exe.

tripledry 13 minutes ago | parent

Question, how viable are these tools and are they maintained?

I genuinely want to know if this is mostly hype or are they actually good. I don't think trying myself would really give a better picture as I'm not a user of said software.

Anyone who tried to replace photoshop with these AI clones successfully?

jstummbillig 1 hour ago | parent

It seems obvious that the AI stocks are an interesting buy, but I wonder how other people feel about picking between Anthropic/OpenAI/Google here. Looks all fairly random, given the wild swings and interoperability of the technology so far.

jazzypants 58 minutes ago | parent

Google is the only one that can withstand a global financial crisis.

A_D_E_P_T 53 minutes ago | parent

Despite horrific mismanagement, Google honestly seems like the best bet. Argon-4, which suffered from a botched launch and is weirdly underrated, is very close to Opus 5.5 across the board -- and for most "average person" use-cases (e.g. search, medical, creative work, interfacing with Google products,) I believe it's already superior. They also have more native capability, their own hardware stack, and there's less risk of a massive boom and bust.

At this point, I don't see how Anthropic can sustain their projections. There are so many good open models, Argon is so good, etc... There's no lock-in and no cost to switching...

stackskipton 7 minutes ago | parent

Not to mention that already have direct access to large consumer base, ad network to add on more revenue and supporting revenue in case they need to infuse it temporarily with more cash.

Hamuko 51 minutes ago | parent

Google is at least diversified. They have ads, corporate email, video streaming, cloud compute, phone operating system (that powers most of the world's phones), self-driving cars and a whole bunch of shit. So if the AI winter comes, at least they can focus on other stuff too.

Starlevel004 33 minutes ago | parent

OpenAI have an incredibly inconvenient "one billion free users" shackle attached to their leg that they need to fix first.

baq 1 hour ago | parent

Amount of early money waiting to exit is absolutely staggering, wonder if there’s enough retail to buy the leftovers without crashing the price. Reminder everyone with money who wanted in before IPO got in!

gk1 46 minutes ago | parent

I thought that's what lockout periods were for?

baq 27 minutes ago | parent

S-1 states directly that some of the shares sold in the IPO are sold by current shareholders.

Employees are a different matter, lockouts are for them not quitting immediately. My bet is that a few of high profile departures recently is exactly for this reason: no lockout if you aren't employed anymore.

rich_sasha 1 hour ago | parent

One thing that bothers me is that if the AI maximalism turns out correct (which is needed to justify the valuations), why would AI companies respect money and ownership?

So far, even major disruptions were still affecting relatively small segments of the economy. Car lobby in Germany, tech in the US, "Big Pharma/Food/etc”. They needed the rest of the economy.

But if some AI company figures out a way to monopolize everything: new companies, old companies, physical manufacturing - all the things they say they will, please buy here for lots of money - why would they be bound to pay out dividends or otherwise share the fruits of their economic labour?

I’m not saying specifically Anthropic would be looking to screw its investors. Rather, if you control an almost omnipotent genie, wouldn’t the temptation just be too much?

Or temptation aside - will money even have any value? If some AI company rebuilds the economy from scratch, and control everything from accounting to shoe making, why would they respect the value of some fiat tokens? It’d be like the conquistadors respecting the shells and beads of their new Aztec subjects.

Of course, perhaps none of this happens, but then the question is, how good an investment all of this even is.

RemoteIsHeaven 28 minutes ago | parent

> why would they be bound to pay out dividends or otherwise share the fruits of their economic labour?

because they don't control the physical paper that is money.

I dont understand what you mean by "fiat tokens". I don't imagine most people will accept tokens as a currency because they are as good hold of value and predictable as bitcoin.

In a token economy, certainly what you say is a possibility, but as you can imagine, that economy will be unsustainable so back to "regular" money.

gnarlouse 22 minutes ago | parent

I mean there are a lot of paradoxes around AI. The chief two among which are:

1. the goal of ai is to end capitalism by disrupting scarcity in economics

2. if ai can build a closed system that prints ai factories, the 99% of humanity essentially are just genetic diversity live stock.

whoanoway 20 minutes ago | parent

> 2. if ai can build a closed system that prints ai factories, the 99% of humanity essentially are just genetic diversity live stock.

I don't think the ultra-wealthy care about genetic diversity.

irthomasthomas 18 minutes ago | parent

You're describing the thesis of the 1930s Techocracy movement [0], of which AI maximallism and EA are direct ideological successors. The original Technocrats (Musks grandpa for example [1]) argued that the "Price System", i.e. things like money and private ownership was an inefficient bottleneck that aught to be discarded in favour of scientific planning and energy accounting managed by technical experts.

EA-aligned AI labs share this exact ethos. In their view, fiat money and equity markets are merely temporary scaffolding used to raise capital until AGI is achieved. Once a central superintelligence controls manufacturing, software, and logistics, resource distribution shifts from market supply-and-demand to algorithmic optimization.

[0] https://digital.library.cornell.edu/catalog/ss:34227574

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_N._Haldeman?hl=en-GB

10xDev 9 minutes ago | parent

If you weren’t investing you were going to be poor even without AI.

Valakas_ 3 minutes ago | parent

Keep it up because your line of thinking is on the right track. Finally some people are starting to ask the right questions on HN.

npilk 58 minutes ago | parent

So at the moment they claim to be making an operating profit if you exclude:

- Stock-based compensation expenses

- Non-cash charitable contribution expenses

Both seem fairly reasonable to exclude (although it depends how much of the stock compensation is for executives... you can't necessarily pay people with stock forever).

FMost of the loss is non-operating losses, and it all seems to be weird accounting recognition of changes in value of their stock, SAFEs, etc. - just "paper" losses.

So the financial picture looks a lot better than I would have guessed - I suppose because they aren't the ones investing all this capex.

akie 58 minutes ago | parent

This is it, we're at the summit. It's only downhill from here.

monirmamoun 58 minutes ago | parent

This S-1 is a FRAUD because it PURPOSEFULLY excludes the potential market destroying-power of free/open-weight Chinese models as a risk factor.

That's literally the #1 risk factor. They ignore it.

This is a FRAUD document and it means we need to SHORT this overblown company.

runako 53 minutes ago | parent

Page 40 if your browser's search function does not work.

jeanlucas 48 minutes ago | parent

well, do it as soon as it opens up;

if you really believe it you found a free money glitch

loveparade 55 minutes ago | parent

Can I get dividends as tokens?

paaloeye 52 minutes ago | parent

This will be the most read S-1 in the decade

deepwoods 51 minutes ago | parent

About a quarter of Anthropic's revenue for the nine months ended 9/30/26 came from just five customers. That's not an absurd concentration, but I would be very interested to know who they are and how mobile their business is. From a financial perspective, the lack of moat seems like the whole ballgame, particularly because they're getting ~80% of their revenue from consumption-based spending.

boringg 49 minutes ago | parent

Think of that dependency tree -- those 5 customers have how many customers on their stack?

Zigurd 44 minutes ago | parent

Moat? An under examined aspect of AI is not just the lack of moats, but the need for some word that connotes the opposite of a moat. I have a side project that I used to explore local AI. I've got a configuration screen that lets you download any model from Huggingface that's compatible with the local AI engine. There are dozens! I've only scratched the surface of trying them and comparing them for the features that use AI. It's a glut, and it's likely to be that way throughout the AI market.

Yizahi 26 minutes ago | parent

At a guess - corpos like Big 4 consulting agencies and some extreme fintech ones, also corpos like Oracle and the like. And at another guess, outside of a legal agreement with a fixed time period, probably nothing hold them from quickly switching to a better model provider, if any comes ahead.

throwa356262 51 minutes ago | parent

I think a company like Moonshot or Z.AI could have sabotaged this behind repair by doing a 10-20B IPO before Anthropic.

That could have popped the AI bubble right there.

jabedude 50 minutes ago | parent

Is becoming a public company going to help or harm their mission of delivering safe AI?

kikdij 50 minutes ago | parent

For those who are not familiar with S-1: this document is incredibly important. this is one of the rare times in the life of a company where it's not allowed, by law, to lie, nor to omit the truth.

portly 41 minutes ago | parent

Nothing is respected by this criminal company.

reticulates 37 minutes ago | parent

At the same time, an S-1 does not necessarily represent how the company thinks. Risk factors often get reported as “x thinks that y will happen” but the company is actually just describing things they have an obligation to describe, they’re not the risks they’re worried about internally.

Also this is being released under Trump’s SEC, who knows whether being caught lying in an S-1 matters any more.

decisionSniper 34 minutes ago | parent

ehh, search "GAAP" and see where they deviate from standard accounting measures. There's plenty of spin in here.

sensanaty 18 minutes ago | parent

Technically true, but they're still fudging their numbers a bit even in the S-1, such as using "adjusted" operating margins to the tune of 10% when their GAAP (which they truly cannot lie about without ending up in deep shit (in theory anyways, I'm doubtful that they couldn't get away with it if they tried with the current administration)) is actually at negative -4%.

jdejean 5 minutes ago | parent

Is it just me or is something wrong with the doc starting at the ToC? Its gets super garbled. Everything before that point is Anthropic branding and a Claude generated multi page wall of text

cmiles8 49 minutes ago | parent

There are a lot of parallels to the WeWork S1. They’ve made absolutely massive forward cash commitments, on a business that’s increasingly commoditized, and with little hard evidence that they’ll generate the revenue (let alone the cashflow) to pay for all these future liabilities. All while everyone is discovering there isn’t really a secret sauce moat to demand much of a a premium over cheaper options that trade a few points above the direct COGS (cost of compute in this case).

If everything goes just perfect they might eek by. If it doesn’t this goes from high flying startup to insolvency and bankruptcy real fast.

reticulates 42 minutes ago | parent

when they start removing biscuits from the Anthropic offices, that’ll confirm their WeWork-like death spiral

levocardia 38 minutes ago | parent

So you'll be shorting the stock, I take it?

cmiles8 37 minutes ago | parent

A lot of people will, if this IPO actually happens. The price of CDS on bonds is already a strong market indication of where the market thinks all of this is heading.

reticulates 30 minutes ago | parent

Shorting a company is not a trade against the future of a company, it is a trade against the market. You can know a company is going to zero and the company can go to zero and you can still lose your shirt from shorting it.

wickedsight 10 minutes ago | parent

"The market can stay irrational longer than you can stay solvent."

This quote stops me from shorting pretty much anything.

surgical_fire 13 minutes ago | parent

Shorting is not the only way to protect yourself from a bad investment.

You can simply not buy shares in companies you think are on a doomed trajectory.

That said, depending on the IPO target price, I might short it.

kozikow 34 minutes ago | parent

"token factory" is indeed a terrible business model - no one is arguing that.

IMO the whole thing is based on the fact of "we will reach AGI/ASI eventually, and when we do, we will reach escape velocity".

No one knows - you, me, or Dario if this will happen and when.

tantalor 13 minutes ago | parent

Yes, and 5 years and 1 Chapter 11 bankruptcy later, WeWork is now (EBITDA) profitable.

And they've gone private now.

cmiles8 3 minutes ago | parent

Nobody was saying subleasing offices wasn’t a business. It was just WeWork’s setup that was untenable and ultimately insolvent.

Similarly nobody is saying AI can’t be a successful business, but here too the big labs have dug themselves into a giant hole such that a bankruptcy reset may ultimately be the only way out of it. Time will tell.

mritchie712 7 minutes ago | parent

that's a real stretch. WeWork was in a business that had already been commoditized (e.g. Regus) for decades.

Anthropic is in a business that didn't exist 3 years ago.

cmiles8 5 minutes ago | parent

Yes it is a newer business but doesn’t change the fact that models are trending towards a commodity. And that’s a huge problem for the business model on offer.

kypro 46 minutes ago | parent

I seems to me the main risk long-term is that it's not clear where the moat is.

People will pay a premium if there is marginal value in extra intelligence. And Anthropic is able to retain their lead and provide that extra intelligence.

Both of these assumptions seem highly suspect to me. Most businesses don't exclusively hire PHD-level employees for most tasks because a competent slightly less intelligent/knowledgable person can do the job just fine for significantly less.

Then there is the question of if they're able to retain their lead, and again, this seems questionable. Both OpenAI and Google are competing at the frontier, and Chinese labs are still in the race. Things are changing so fast who knows where we'll be in 5-10 years.

My best guess is that longer-term models will be commoditised and it will be how companies offer products and services around their models that gives them their margins. I wouldn't bet on Anthropic's ability to do this. Meta, OpenAI and Google are much better placed to win here imo.

The other place there may be margin is in niche research domains like drug-discovery. Any slight lead in these sectors could give them a lot of pricing power.

I think the reason to invest in this is as a hedge. AI basically competes against everything and arguably for this reason it's risky to not own a basket of AI stocks.

hisfraudulency 38 minutes ago | parent

So it looks like $2T is indeed the target

logicallee 23 minutes ago | parent

>So it looks like $2T is indeed the target

What do you base that on? (Did you see any reference to that in the linked document or anything published by Anthropic)?

afavour 38 minutes ago | parent

Feels like being asked to invest in IBM just as other manufacturers started releasing the first PC compatible machines.

Immediate term Anthropic, OpenAI rule the roost. But this is a very new technology and open models are already looking good. They’ll only get better. Is it realistic to think Anthropic will stay ahead of them enough to justify the valuation they’re asking for?

RemoteIsHeaven 35 minutes ago | parent

For all things good and holy, DO NOT purchase shares until things settle down and by that I don't mean next month, or next year but atleast 2028.

I know it sounds like the only trajectory of this company is up but HN is an echo chamber of a tiny minority of the technical populace and 3 out of 5 people on the planet don't know what ChatGPT is.

If you have the ability to lose all the money and can time the extreme volatility, have fun, but don't put anything you're going to rely on.

lifeisloving 30 minutes ago | parent

Im going to continue to use fast open source models like Deepseek and GLM, I like most others, have zero need for the worlds smartest person to be my assistant.

I dont understand this business model, it seems clearly unsustainable (at their prices). When people start to realize they dont need to spend all this money on turbo PhD intelligence so they can build react apps, Anthropic will be in a tough spot (if they already aren't).

You will say, "but enterprise!!" Nope, plenty of companies are waking up to this reality as well. It turns out that if you made money pre-AI without spending 5k a seat a month for your engineers dev tools, you probably don't need to now to continue too.